pilumとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• IPA: /ˈpaɪləm/
• 韻: -aɪləm

名詞

pilum (plural pila or pilums)

1. (historical) A Roman military javelin.
   • 1776, Edward Gibbon, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Penguin 2000, page 21:

     Besides a lighter spear, the Roman legionary grasped in his right hand the formidable pilum, a ponderous javelin whose utmost length was about six feet and which was terminated by a massy triangular point of steel of about eighteen inches.

   • 2011, Ben Aaronovitch, Rivers of London, Gollancz 2011, page 371:

     Verica plucked a pilum from the hands of the nearest legionary – the soldier didn't react – and handed it to me.

2. (botany) The columella on the surface of a pollen grain.

参照

• pilum on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

語源 1

From Proto-Italic *pistlom, from Proto-Indo-European *pistlom, from *peys- (“to crush”). See pistillum, pīla, pīnsō.

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈpiː.ɫũː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈpiː.lum]

名詞

pīlum n (genitive pīlī); second declension

1. a pounder, pestle
2. a javelin, throwing spear

語形変化

Second-declension noun (neuter).

関連する語

• pīnsō

派生した語

語源 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

名詞

pilum

1. accusative singular of pilus (“hair”)

参照

Further reading

• “pilum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “pilum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "pilum", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • (ambiguous) to throw down the javelins (pila) and fight with the sword: omissis pilis gladiis rem gerere
    
• “pilum”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “pilum”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin