pileとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• IPA: /paɪl/
• 韻: -aɪl

語源 1

From 中期英語 pyle, from Old French pile, from Latin pīla (“pillar, pier”).

名詞

pile (plural piles)

1. A mass of things heaped together; a heap.
   • 1889, H. Rider Haggard, Cleopatra‎, Book II: The Fall of Harmachis, →ISBN, Chapter XI:

     I climbed through, and, standing on a pile of stones, lifted and dragged Cleopatra after me.

2. (informal) A group or list of related items up for consideration, especially in some kind of selection process.

   When we were looking for a new housemate, we put the nice woman on the "maybe" pile, and the annoying guy on the "no" pile

3. A mass formed in layers.

   a pile of shot

4. A funeral pile; a pyre.
   • 1717, Samuel Croxall, “Book XIII. [The Funeral of Memnon.]”, in Ovid’s Metamorphoses in Fifteen Books. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, page 463:

     Jove with a Nod, comply'd with her Deſire; / Around the Body flam'd the Funeral Fire; / The Pile decreas'd that lately ſeem'd ſo high, / And Sheets of Smoak roll'd upward to the Sky: [...]

5. (slang) A large amount of money.

   Synonyms: bundle, (both informal) mint, (colloquial) small fortune

   He made a pile from that invention of his.

   • 1887, Harriet W. Daly, Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia, page 192:

     When they are at work they live most frugally, denying themselves every comfort and luxury till they have made a "pile."

6. A large building, or mass of buildings.
   • 1817 December 31 (indicated as 1818), [Walter Scott], chapter VI, in Rob Roy. […], volume II, Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Archibald Constable and Co. […]; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, →OCLC, page 124:

     The pile is of a gloomy and massive, rather than of an elegant, style of Gothic architecture; […]

   • 1697, Virgil, “(please specify the book number)”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:

     The pile o'erlooked the town and drew the fight.

   • 1892, Thomas Hardy, The Well-Beloved:

     It was dark when the four-wheeled cab wherein he had brought Avice from the station stood at the entrance to the pile of flats of which Pierston occupied one floor […]

   • 2021 September 22, Stephen Roberts, “The writings on the wall...”, in RAIL, number 940, page 75:

     He [Winston Churchill] was born at Blenheim Palace, that Oxfordshire pile built for his ancestor John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, who also knew a thing or two about warfare.

7. A bundle of pieces of wrought iron to be worked over into bars or other shapes by rolling or hammering at a welding heat; a fagot.
8. A vertical series of alternate disks of two dissimilar metals (especially copper and zinc), laid up with disks of cloth or paper moistened with acid water between them, for producing a current of electricity; a voltaic pile, or galvanic pile.
   • 1893, Benjamin Park, The Voltaic Cell: Its Construction and Its Capacity, page 14:

     The word "pile" is used specifically to mean the column of superposed electrodes, such as that of Volta or Zamboni.

9. (architecture, civil engineering) A beam, pole, or pillar, driven completely into the ground, usually as one of a group that constitutes a foundation.

   Hyponyms: friction pile, bearing pile, end bearing pile

   Coordinate terms: pier, stilt

10. An atomic pile; an early form of nuclear reactor.
11. (obsolete) The reverse (or tails) of a coin.
12. A list or league
    • 2011 December 29, Keith Jackson, “SPL: Celtic 1 Rangers 0”, in Daily Record‎:

      And the moment it thumped into the net, Celtic’s march back to the top of the SPL pile also seemed unstoppable.

    • 2012 September 20, Shaun Edwards, “Bent double and lungs burning – how Harlequins train for trophies”, in The Guardian (online)‎:

      Watch Harlequins train and you get some idea of why they are back on top of the pile going into Saturday's rerun of last season's grand final against Leicester.

同意語

• See also Thesaurus:lot

派生語

派生した語

• → Hawaiian: paila

動詞

pile (third-person singular simple present piles, present participle piling, simple past and past participle piled)

1. (transitive, often used with the preposition "up") To lay or throw into a pile or heap; to heap up; to collect into a mass; to accumulate

   They were piling up wood on the wheelbarrow.

2. (transitive) To cover with heaps; or in great abundance; to fill or overfill; to load.

   We piled the camel with our loads.

   • 2013 June 22, “Engineers of a different kind”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8841, page 70:

     Private-equity nabobs bristle at being dubbed mere financiers. Piling debt onto companies’ balance-sheets is only a small part of what leveraged buy-outs are about, they insist. Improving the workings of the businesses they take over is just as core to their calling, if not more so. Much of their pleading is public-relations bluster.

3. (transitive) To add something to a great number.
   • 2010 December 28, Owen Phillips, “Sunderland 0-2 Blackpool”, in BBC:

     But as the second half wore on, Sunderland piled forward at every opportunity and their relentless pressure looked certain to be rewarded in the closing stages.

4. (transitive) (of vehicles) To create a hold-up.
5. (transitive, military) To place (guns, muskets, etc.) together in threes so that they can stand upright, supporting each other.
6. (intransitive) To form a pile or heap.

   Synonyms: accumulate, pile up

   Junk piled on the floor as we searched the attic for the old photograph albums.

   • 2007 October 7, S.S. Fair, “Vacuum Packed”, in New York Times‎:

     I darted from room to room as the see-through bagless dustbin piled high with shocking amounts of icky-poo.

同意語

• (lay or throw into a pile): heap, pile up; see also Thesaurus:pile up

派生語

語源 2

From 中期英語 pile, from 古期英語 pīl, from Proto-West Germanic *pīl, from Latin pīlum (“heavy javelin”). Cognate with Dutch pijl, German Pfeil. Doublet of pilum.

名詞

pile (plural piles)

1. (obsolete) A dart; an arrow.
2. The head of an arrow or spear.
3. A large stake, or piece of pointed timber, steel etc., driven into the earth or sea-bed for the support of a building, a pier, or other superstructure, or to form a cofferdam, etc.
   • 1719, Daniel Defoe, The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe‎, 10th edition, published 1864, Chapter VI, page 68:

     All this time I worked very hard [...] and it is scarce credible what inexpressible labour everything was done with, especially the bringing piles out of the woods and driving them into the ground; for I made them much bigger than I needed to have done.

4. (heraldry) One of the ordinaries or subordinaries having the form of a wedge, usually placed palewise, with the broadest end uppermost.

派生語

動詞

pile (third-person singular simple present piles, present participle piling, simple past and past participle piled)

1. (transitive) To drive piles into; to fill with piles; to strengthen with piles.

語源 3

Apparently from Late Latin pilus. Doublet of pilus.

名詞

pile (plural piles)

1. (usually in the plural) A hemorrhoid.

語源 4

From 中期英語 pile, partly from Anglo-Norman pil (a variant of peil, poil (“hair”)) and partly from its source, Latin pilus (“hair”). Doublet of pilus.

名詞

pile (countable and uncountable, plural piles)

1. Hair, especially when very fine or short; the fine underfur of certain animals. (Formerly countable, now treated as a collective singular.)
2. The raised hairs, loops or strands of a fabric; the nap of a cloth.
   • 1785, William Cowper, The Task:

     Velvet soft, or plush with shaggy pile.

派生語

• deep pile carpet
• knotted pile
• velvet pile

動詞

pile (third-person singular simple present piles, present participle piling, simple past and past participle piled)

1. (transitive) To give a pile to; to make shaggy.

語源 5

From French pile (“battery”), with the pronunciation adapted to the existing English word pile. Doublet of Etymology 1, which may have influenced the sense development by emphasizing the stack (“pile”) out of which early batteries were made. (Can this etymology be sourced?)

名詞

pile (plural piles)

1. (historical, electrochemistry) A battery (simple device for converting chemical potential energy into usable electricity).
   1. (Can we verify this sense?) A battery consisting of repeated units of alternating types of metal; voltaic pile.

派生語

アナグラム

• plie, IEPL, Lipe, Piel, Peil, plié, peil