pen.とは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From 中期英語 pen, penne (“enclosure for animals”), from 古期英語 penn (“enclosure, fold, pen”), from Proto-Germanic *pennō, *pannijō (“pin, bolt, nail, tack”), from Proto-Indo-European *bend- (“pointed peg, nail, edge”). Related to pin.

Sense “prison” originally figurative extension to “enclosure for persons” (1845), later influenced by penitentiary (“prison”), being analyzed as an abbreviation (1884).

名詞

pen (plural pens)

1. An enclosure (enclosed area) used to contain domesticated animals, especially sheep or cattle.

   There are two steers in the third pen.

2. (slang) A penitentiary, i.e. a state or federal prison for convicted felons.

   They caught him with a stolen horse, and he wound up in the pen again.

3. (baseball) The bullpen.

   Two righties are up in the pen.

派生語

関連する語

• pin

語源 2

From 中期英語 pennen, from 古期英語 *pennian (“to close, lock, bolt”, attested in onpennian (“to open”)), derived from penn (see above). Akin to Low German pennen (“to secure a door with a bolt”).

動詞

pen (third-person singular simple present pens, present participle penning, simple past and past participle penned or pent)

1. (transitive) To enclose in a pen.
   • 1667, John Milton, “Book IV”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

     Watching where shepherds pen their flocks at eve.

派生語

• pen up
• pent
• pent-up

語源 3

From 中期英語 penne, from Anglo-Norman penne, from Old French penne, from Latin penna (“feather”), from Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én- (“feather, wing”), from *peth₂- (“to rush, fly”) (from which petition). Proto-Indo-European base also root of *petra-, from which Ancient Greek πτερόν (pterón, “wing”) (whence pterodactyl), Sanskrit पत्रम् (patram, “wing, feather”), Old Church Slavonic перо (pero, “pen”), Old Norse fjǫðr, 古期英語 feþer, feðer (Modern English feather); note the /p/ → /f/ Germanic sound change.

Doublet of panne, penna, and pinna. See feather and πέτομαι (pétomai) for more.

名詞

pen (plural pens)

1. A tool, originally made from a feather but now usually a small tubular instrument, containing ink used to write or make marks.

   Hyponyms: ballpoint pen, ballpoint (ellipsis), ball pen, ballpen, biro (Commonwealth); dip pen, nib pen, fountain pen, stylographic pen; gel pen; autopen

   He took notes with a pen.

   Please use a pen, not a pencil, when filling out this form. Use black or blue ink only.

2. (figurative) A writer, or their style.

   He has a sharp pen.

   • 1655, Thomas Fuller, The Church-history of Britain; […], London: […] Iohn Williams […], →OCLC, (please specify |book=I to XI):

     those learned pens

3. (colloquial) Marks of ink left by a pen.

   He's unhappy because he got pen on his new shirt.

4. A light pen.
5. (zoology) The internal cartilage skeleton of a squid, shaped like a pen.
   • 2017, Danna Staaf, Squid Empire, ForeEdge, →ISBN, page 117:

     A pen is nothing more complex than a decalcified shell, so one mutation of the genes that controlled calcification could be all it took.

6. (now rare, poetic, dialectal) A feather, especially one of the flight feathers of a bird, angel etc.
   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “(please specify the book)”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

     And eke the pennes, that did his pineons bynd,
     Were like mayne-yards, with flying canuas lynd,
     With which whenas him liſt the ayre to beat […]

7. (poetic) A wing.
   • 1667, John Milton, “(please specify the page number)”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

     but feather'd soon and fledge
     They summed their pens, and soaring the air sublime

8. A syringe-like device for injecting a dose of medication such as insulin or epinephrine. (See Injector pen.)
   • 2023 August 29, Geri Krotow, A Wasp in the Woods, Tule Publishing, →ISBN:

     "I'm sure she had more than one EpiPen […] " "But she didn't have one when she got stung or she'd have used it." By all appearances, Mariah died in the woods, […] If she managed to grab the pen found under her leg from her bag or pocket, she never discharged it. But Crystal doesn't have these details. "Doesn't it make sense that she kept an extra pen in her cupboard, and one in her bag? The extra pen fell out, is all."

9. Ellipsis of vapor pen (“electronic cigarette”).

   a dab pen; a wax pen

派生語

派生した語

• → Korean: 펜 (pen)
• → Maori: pene

動詞

pen (third-person singular simple present pens, present participle penning, simple past and past participle penned)

1. (transitive) To write (an article, a book, etc.).
   • 2008, BioWare, Mass Effect, Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Nonuel:

     Prying open the crate, you discover a carefully wrapped, handwritten copy of one of Matriarch Dilinaga's treatises. It is unlikely she penned it herself, but the flowing brushwork and intricate watercolor illustrations clearly show the hand of a master scribe.

   • 2021 February 9, Christina Newland, “Is Tom Hanks part of a dying breed of genuine movie stars?”, in BBC‎:

     His two most recent films are last year's Greyhound, a Hanks-penned World War Two thriller in which he plays a naval commander, and now News of the World, a Western set in the years immediately following the close of the US Civil War, directed by Paul Greengrass, which is premiering around the world on Netflix tomorrow.

   • 2021 December 29, Conrad Landin, “Glasgow Subway: a city institution”, in RAIL, number 947, page 45:

     It was in this era, too, that author and Scotland the Brave songwriter Cliff Hanley penned The Glasgow Underground, a tongue-in-cheek love letter to the Subway in song.

派生語

語源 4

Origin uncertain. Compare hen.

名詞

pen (plural pens)

1. A female swan.

同意語

• swaness (rare)

語源 5

Clipping of penalty.

名詞

pen (plural pens)

1. (soccer, slang) Penalty.

   England won 3-1 on pens.

語源 6

Clipping of penetration.

名詞

pen (plural pens)

1. (computing, informal) Penetration.

派生語

• pen test

語源 7

By incorrect analogy with man → men.

名詞

pen (uncountable)

1. (humorous) plural of pan

参照

参考

• pin-pen merger

アナグラム

• NEP, Nep, PNe, nep

名詞

pen

1. alternative form of penne

語源 2

From 古期英語 penn, from Proto-Germanic *pennō, perhaps from the root of pinn (“peg, pin”).

別の表記

• penne, peyn

発音

• IPA: /pɛn/
• 韻: -ɛn

名詞

pen

1. An enclosed structure for securing animals.

関連する語

派生した語

• English: pen
• Scots: pen

参照

• “pen, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 24 April 2018.
• Douglas Harper (2001–2026), “pen”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.