officiumとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

A contraction of opificium, from Proto-Italic *opifakjom, an old derivative of ops, opis (“power, ability, resources”).

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ɔfˈfɪ.ki.ũː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ofˈfiː.t͡ʃi.um]

名詞

officium n (genitive officiī or officī); second declension

1. duty, service, office

   Synonyms: mūnus, ministerium, negōtium, cūra, cūrātiō

   Exsecūtiō officiī plērumque certum suae ūtilitātis proximae sacrificium implicat.

   The performance of a duty usually involves a certain sacrifice of one's own immediate benefit.

2. (figurative) obligation, an obligatory service, visit, or gesture
3. (act of) kindness, favor, courtesy

語形変化

Second-declension noun (neuter).

Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).

派生語

• officialis, officialiter
• officīna

派生した語

参照

• “officium”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “officium”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "officium", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “officium”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to perform the last offices of affection: supremis officiis aliquem prosequi (vid sect. VI. 11., note Prosequi...)
    
  • to do one's duty: officium suum facere, servare, colere, tueri, exsequi, praestare
    
  • to fulfil one's duty in every detail: omnes officii partes exsequi
    
  • to fulfil one's duty in every detail: nullam officii partem deserere
    
  • to be exact, punctual in the performance of one's duty: diligentem esse in retinendis officiis
    
  • to neglect one's duty: officium suum deserere, neglegere
    
  • to return to one's duties: ad officium redire
    
  • it is a breach of duty to..: contra officium est c. Inf.
    
  • we are united by many mutual obligations: multa et magna inter nos officia intercedunt (Fam. 13. 65)
    
  • to be courteous, obliging to some one: in aliquem officia conferre
    
  • to be courteous, obliging to some one: aliquem officiis suis complecti, prosequi
    
  • a most courteous letter: litterae officii or humanitatis plenae
    
  • to reduce a people to their former obedience: aliquem ad officium (cf. sect. X. 7, note officium...) reducere (Nep. Dat. 2. 3)
    
  • (ambiguous) to perform the last rites for a person: supremo officio in aliquem fungi
    
  • (ambiguous) to do one's duty: officio suo satisfacere (Div. in Caec. 14. 47)
    
  • (ambiguous) to do one's duty: officio suo fungi
    
  • (ambiguous) to neglect one's duty: ab officio discedere
    
  • (ambiguous) to neglect one's duty: de, ab officio decedere
    
  • (ambiguous) to neglect one's duty: officio suo deesse (Fam. 7. 3)
    
  • (ambiguous) to remain faithful to one's duty: in officio manere (Att. 1. 3)
    
  • (ambiguous) to let oneself be perverted from one's duty: ab officio abduci, avocari
    
  • (ambiguous) without violating, neglecting one's duty: salvo officio (Off. 3. 1. 4)
    
  • (ambiguous) to keep good discipline amongst one's men: milites coercere et in officio continere (B. C. 1. 67. 4)
    
  • (ambiguous) to keep some one in subjection: aliquem in officio continere
    
  • (ambiguous) to remain in subjection: in officio manere, permanere