near antonymとは 意味・読み方・使い方

名詞

near-antonym (plural near-antonyms)

1. (linguistics, semantics) A word that is nearly an antonym, when an antonym is defined strictly by complete negation or polar oppositeness. (Many reference works use a looser definition of antonym that lumps these words into the single category of antonyms; some make the more rigorous distinction.)

   Alternative form: near antonym

   Hypernyms: word < term

   Coordinate terms: antonym (often not differentiated); coordinate term, cohyponym; near-synonym, parasynonym; synonym; cognitive synonym

   • 1972, Frederick Wilfrid Lancaster, Vocabulary Control for Information Retrieval‎, Information Resources Press, →ISBN, page 80:

     […] Near-antonyms may be treated in a similar fashion.

   • 1978, Jim Wayne Corder, Handbook of Current English‎, Scott, Foresman, →ISBN, page 308:

     Among the most common antonyms or near antonyms are the following. Make sure that you know their meanings.

   • 1983, Bette Lynn London, Forms of Evasion: The Modern Novel as Retreat [dissertation abstract]‎, University of California, page 101:

     […] near antonyms (sinking/swelling; vast/faint) gives way to a set of near synonyms (weird/appealing; suggestive/wild); what starts out as opposition proves complementary instead. And all of the adjectives that testify […]

   • 1989, Book Review Digest‎, volume 85:

     This is a revised edition of a thesaurus first published in 1980 (BRD 1981). The work uses a dictionary format, with words and numbered definitions on the left column of a page, and corresponding numbered synonyms, near-synonyms, antonyms, and near-antonyms on the right column.

   • 1990, InfoWorld‎, volume 12, page 111:

     As a basic editing tool, Legacy has most of the usual features characteristic of Windows products. It will do columnar cut and paste, perform search and replace effectively, and maintain capitalization […] complete thesaurus with synonyms, near-synonyms, antonyms, near-antonyms, definitions, parts of speech, and references to alternative words. The speller catches double words, capitalization errors, and simple punctuation errors, such as double periods. The program does not have user dictionaries. However, it will support small exception lists — NBI suggests the lists be 50 words or fewer — for proper names and other special terms.

   • 2019, Merriam-Webster, Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Thesaurus, 2nd edition, Merriam-Webster, →ISBN, page 8a:

     An antonym is a word whose meaning is directly opposite to another word's meaning. […] Words that are only opposite in some aspect of their meaning cannot be said to be true antonyms. For example, sad […] funny […] Near antonyms are words that do not qualify as antonyms under the strict definition used for this thesaurus but which are clearly in marked contrast with the members of a synonym group.

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