militiaとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Latin mīlitia (“army, military force/service”), from mīles (“soldier”). Doublet of militsia.

The use of "militia" rather than "police" to refer to the police force (of Belarus and some other countries) originated in the USSR.

発音

• IPA: /məˈlɪʃə/
• 韻: -ɪʃə

名詞

militia (plural militias or militiae)

1. An army of trained civilians, which may be an official reserve army, called upon in time of need, the entire able-bodied population of a state which may also be called upon, or a private force not under government control.
   • 1992, Neal Stephenson, Snow Crash, page 387:

     He coasts down to a dead stop in the middle of the channel, makes a scan for militia men and wireheads, and finds none.

2. Synonym of militsia: the national police force of certain countries (e.g. Belarus).

派生語

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [miːˈlɪ.ti.a]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [miˈlit.t͡si.a]

名詞

mīlitia f (genitive mīlitiae); first declension

1. military service
   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Livy, Ab Urbe Condita 26.1:

     huic generī mīlitum senātus eundem, quem Cannēnsibus, fīnem statuērat mīlitiae.

     For this class of soldier the senate had established a limit in duration to their military service, which was the same as the men at Cannae.

2. the military, army, soldiery
3. warfare, war, campaign

   domī mīlitiaeque (also domī bellīque) ― in war and peace

4. civil service, profession, employment
5. (figuratively) military spirit, courage, bravery

語形変化

First-declension noun, with locative.

Locative used in the sense "on military service".

関連する語

派生した語

参照

• “militia”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “militia”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "militia", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “militia”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to take service in the army: militiam (only in the sing.) capessere
    
  • to try to avoid military service: militiam detrectare, subterfugere
    
  • to be excused military duty: militiae vacationem habere
    
  • to retire from service: militia functum, perfunctum esse
    
• militia in Ramminger, Johann (16 July 2016 (last accessed)), Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016