medianとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Borrowed from Middle French median, from Latin mediānus (“of or pertaining to the middle”, adjective), from medius (“middle”) (see medium), from Proto-Indo-European *médʰyos (“middle”). Doublet of mean and mizzen. Cognate with 古期英語 midde, middel (“middle”). More at middle.

発音

• (英国発音) IPA: /ˈmiː.dɪən/
• (米国発音) IPA: /ˈmi.di.ən/
• (General Australian) IPA: /ˈmiː.dɪən/, [ˈmɪi.di.ən]
• (Indic) IPA: /ˈmiɖ(ɪ)jən/

名詞

median (plural medians)

1. (anatomy, now rare) A central vein or nerve, especially the median vein or median nerve running through the forearm and arm. [from 15th c.]
   • 1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 3, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:

     Why is not our jugular or throat-veine as much at our command as the mediane [translating mediane]?

   • 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition II, section 5, member 2:

     The Greeks prescribe the median or middle vein to be opened, and so much blood to be taken away as the patient may well spare, and the cut that is made must be wide enough.

2. (geometry) A line segment joining the vertex of triangle to the midpoint of the opposing side.
3. (statistics) A number separating the higher half from the lower half of a data sample, population, or probability distribution. The median of a finite list of numbers can be found by arranging all the observations from lowest value to highest value and picking the middle one (e.g., the median of {3, 3, 5, 9, 11} is 5). If there is an even number of observations, then there is no single middle value; the median is then usually defined to be the mean of the two middle values. [from 19th c.]

   Hypernyms: average (broad sense); quantile

   Coordinate terms: medial, mean (broad sense), mean (narrow sense), average (narrow sense), mode

4. (US) The area separating two lanes of opposite-direction traffic. [from 20th c.]

   Synonyms: median strip (US), central reservation, reservation

   Coordinate terms: safety island, traffic island

   • 2019, Colson Whitehead, The Nickel Boys, Fleet, page 134:

     Seen from street level, the median was clean most days. From the third floor you peered over the benches and trees and saw the trash crowding the subway ventilation grates and paving stones.

等位語

• (statistics):
• median (2-quantile), tercile/tertile (3), quartile (4), quintile (5), sextile (6), septile (7), octile (8), decile (10), hexadecile (16), ventile/vigintile (20), centile/percentile (100), millile (1000)

関連する語

形容詞

median (not comparable)

1. (anatomy) Situated in a middle, central, or intermediate part, section, or range of (something). [from 16th c.]

   Coordinate terms: medial, mesial

2. (anatomy, botany) In the middle of an organ, structure etc.; towards the median plane of an organ or limb. [from 16th c.]
   • 1957, Sidney Frederic Harmer, The Polyzoa of the Siboga Expedition, page 1106:

     Cellariiform, the orifices nearly confined to the convex frontal and lateral surfaces; the basal surface with a strong median calcareous keel, almost concealed by a flat membranous epitheca, which covers the whole zoarium […]

3. (statistics) Having the median as its value. [from 19th c.]

派生語

参考

• average
• mean
• mode

アナグラム

• Damien, Eidman, Maiden, Manide, Medina, Midean, aidmen, demain, maenid, maiden, mained, medina, meidan