manaとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈmɑː.nə/, /ˈmæ-/
• (General American) IPA: /ˈmɑ.nə/, /ˈmæ-/
• (New Zealand) IPA: /ˈmana/
• 韻: -ɑːnə
• ハイフネーション: ma‧na

語源 1

Borrowed from Māori mana, ultimately from Proto-Polynesian *mana, from Proto-Oceanic *mana.

The use of "mana" for "magical energy" in role-playing games originated from Larry Niven, when he wrote the short story, "Not Long Before the End", in 1969. It was later popularised by his The Magic Goes Away setting.

名詞

mana (usually uncountable, plural manas)

1. Power, prestige; specifically, a form of supernatural energy in Polynesian religion that inheres in things or people. [from 19th c.]
   • 1862 January 25, Thomas H. Smith, chapter 4, in Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives of New Zealand, Wellington: House of Representatives, →OCLC, pages 10 and 12:

     They further required that a certain number of the old Chiefs should be liberally pensioned by the Government, and placed upon a footing of equality with European gentlemen of independent means, in consideration of their resigning their "mana" as Chiefs in favor of the new system […]

   • 1920, Edward Carpenter, Pagan and Christian Creeds, New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co., page 61:

     The human tribe partakes of the mana or life-force of the animal, and is strengthened […]

   • 1971, Keith Thomas, Religion and the Decline of Magic, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, OCLC 71368859; republished London: Folio Society, 2012, OCLC 805007047, page 193:

     But in popular estimation their essential virtue derived from the personal mana of the sovereign.

   • 1999, Pat Hohepa, “My Musket, My Missionary and My Mana”, in Alex Calder, Jonathan Lamb, Bridget Orr, editors, Voyages and Beaches, Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press, →ISBN, page 197:

     It can be seen, therefore, that mana is a nonvisible changing measure; it can remain static, increase, or decrease, depending on the actions or inaction of the recipient, and it can be enhanced or diminished.

   • 2001 September, Aldo Matteucci, “Language and Diplomacy – A Practitioner's View”, in Jovan Kurbalija, Hannah Slavik, editors, Language and Diplomacy, Malta: DiploProjects, Mediterranean Academy of Diplomatic Studies, University of Malta, →ISBN, page 61:

     Among the Maori sovereignty was the result of mana—power based on hereditary rank and personal achievement. Manas could coexist and overlap, as they did in the medieval times in Europe.

   • 2012, Harold Hill, “Te Ope Whakaora, the Army that Brings Life”, in Hugh [Douglas] Morrison, Lachy Paterson, Brett Knowles, Murray Rae, editors, Mana Māori and Christianity, Wellington: Huia Publishers, →ISBN:

     On a number of occasions in recent years apologies have been offered to Māori because of past offences to their mana and invasions of their rights as tangata whenua.

2. (fantasy roleplaying games) Magical energy.
   • 1969 April, Larry Niven, “Not Long Before the End”, in The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction:

     Mana is the name we give to the power behind magic.

   • 1977, David Hargrave, “Magik, What It Is and What It Does” (chapter VII), in The Arduin Grimoire:

     However, all such magik requires the mages [sic] own "MANA" or "internal power" to make it work. Without the mana, a spoken spell is just so much gibberish.

   • 1993, Richard Garfield, “Overview of Play”, in Magic: The Gathering: A Fantasy Trading Card Game [rulebook]‎, Limited Edition Alpha edition, Wizards of the Coast, archived from the original on 8 March 2013, page 9:

     Lands generate mana, which is required to cast spells.

   • 2003 May 20, "Bear", “Makes Lovely Julienne Ogres …”, in rec.games.roguelike.angband‎ (Usenet), message-ID <[email protected]>:

     […] Teleporting from an open room where there were a dozen black orcs firing bows […] landed me, low on mana and hitpoints, in a room full of gnome mages who instantly summoned four umber hulks and a xorn!

   • 2010, Ernest Adams, “Artifical Life and Puzzle Games”, in Fundamentals of Game Design, 2nd edition, Berkeley, Calif.: New Riders, →ISBN, page 580:

     Mana often grows in exponential proportion to population size, so as the population increases the player acquires vastly greater powers—a progression that god games share with spellcaster characters in role-playing games.

   • 2023 December 1, Evelynn Kersting, “Games and Time”, in University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee‎, page 226‎, archived from the original on 6 June 2025:

     The player starts with no mana crystals, and gets one on their first turn, meaning an 8-mana card cannot be played until turn 8.

派生語

語源 2

名詞

mana (plural manas)

1. Alternative form of mina (“ancient unit of weight or currency”).

語源 3

名詞

mana (uncountable)

1. Alternative spelling of manna.

Further reading

• mana on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

アナグラム

• Nama, naam

動詞

mānā

1. second-person singular present active imperative of mānō