loopholeとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From 中期英語 loupe (“opening in a wall”) +‎ hole, from a Germanic source. Compare Medieval Latin loupa, lobia and Middle Dutch lupen (“to watch”).

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈluːphəʊl/
• (General American) IPA: /ˈluphoʊl/
• 韻: -uːphəʊl
• ハイフネーション: loop‧hole

名詞

loophole (plural loopholes)

1. (historical) A slit in a castle wall; today, any similar window for shooting a ranged weapon or letting in light.

   Synonyms: arrowslit, arrow slit, arrow-hole, balistraria

   Coordinate terms: embrasure, crenel

   • 1719 May 6 (Gregorian calendar), [Daniel Defoe], The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, […], London: […] W[illiam] Taylor […], →OCLC:

     […] and having a fair loophole, as it were, from a broken hole in the tree, he took a sure aim, without being seen, waiting till they were within about thirty yards of the tree, so that he could not miss.

   • 1809, Maria Edgeworth, The Absentee:

     There was a loophole in this wall, to let the light in, just at the height of a person's head, who was sitting near the chimney.

   • 1949, George Orwell, Nineteen Eighty-Four, page 25:

     The sun had shifted round, and the myriad windows of the Ministry of Truth, with the light no longer shining on them, looked grim as the loopholes of a fortress.

2. (figurative) A method of escape, especially an ambiguity or exception in a rule or law that can be exploited in order to avoid its effect.
   • 1838, Charles Dickens, chapter 49, in Oliver Twist, page 236:

     Coupling the poor girl's intelligence with my previous knowledge, and the result of our good friend's inquiries on the spot, I left him no loophole of escape, and laid bare the whole villany which by these lights became plain as day.

   • 2002, Marc Lawrence, Two Weeks Notice (motion picture):

     You have a contract that says you will work until Island Towers is finalized, which I interpret as completion of construction, or I can stop you working elsewhere. And there's no loopholes, because you drafted it and you're the best.

   • 2013 February 9, Barack Obama, The Support They Need:

     They would rather ask more from the vast majority of Americans and put our recovery at risk than close even a single tax loophole that benefits the wealthy.

派生語

参考

• legal vacuum

動詞

loophole (third-person singular simple present loopholes, present participle loopholing, simple past and past participle loopholed)

1. (military, transitive) To prepare a building for defense by preparing slits or holes through which to fire on attackers
   • 1896, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Exploits Of Brigadier Gerard‎:

     The lower windows were barricaded, and the whole building loopholed for musketry fire.

   • 1907, A. E. W. Mason, The Broken Road‎:

     The doors were barricaded, the shutters closed upon the windows and loopholed, and provisions were brought in from the outhouses.

   • 1915, W. H. L. Watson, Adventures of a Despatch Rider‎:

     The Germans were loopholing it for defence.

2. (transitive) To exploit (a law, etc.) by means of loopholes.
   • 1988, Macabee Dean, The Ashmadai Solution: A Surrealistic Extrapolation of a Gentle Genocide:

     Abroad they had developed loopholing the law into an art; in Israel they jettisoned loopholing for ignoring the law wherever possible. Obeying laws was for naive fools.

   • 2005, Deborah Rhode, David Luban, Legal Ethics Stories:

     De-moralizing the subject can be, quite simply, demoralizing, as stirring statements of ideals turn into persnickety rules with exceptions crying out to be loopholed.

参照

Further reading

• loophole on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• loophole (firearm) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• “loophole”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.