logicとは 意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• logick (archaic)

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) enPR: lŏj'ĭk, IPA: /ˈlɒd͡ʒ.ɪk/
• (General American, Canada) enPR: lŏ'jĭk, IPA: /ˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪk/
• (General Australian) enPR: lŏj'ĭk, IPA: /ˈlɔd͡ʒ.ɪk/
• IPA: /ˈlɒd͡ʒ.ək/, [ˈlɔ̟d͡ʒ.ək]
• 韻: -ɒdʒɪk

語源 1

From 中期英語 logike, from Old French and Latin logicus, from Ancient Greek λογῐκός (logĭkós).

形容詞

logic

1. logical

語源 2

From 中期英語 logik, from Old French logike, from Latin logica, from Ancient Greek λογική (logikḗ, “logic”), from feminine of λογικός (logikós, “of or pertaining to speech or reason or reasoning, rational, reasonable”), from λόγος (lógos, “speech, reason”). Displaced native 古期英語 flitcræft (literally “art of arguing”).

名詞

logic (countable and uncountable, plural logics)

1. (uncountable) A method of human thought that involves thinking in a linear, step-by-step manner about how a problem can be solved. Logic is the basis of many principles including the scientific method.
2. (philosophy, logic) The study of the principles and criteria of valid inference and demonstration.

   Hyponyms: see Thesaurus:logic

   • 2001, Mark Sainsbury, Logical Forms - An Introduction to Philosophical Logic, Second Edition, Blackwell Publishing, page 9:

     An old tradition has it that there are two branches of logic: deductive logic and inductive logic. More recently, the differences between these disciplines have become so marked that most people nowadays use "logic" to mean deductive logic, reserving terms like "confirmation theory" for at least some of what used to be called inductive logic. I shall follow the more recent practice, and shall construe "philosophy of logic" as "philosophy of deductive logic".

3. (uncountable, mathematics) The mathematical study of relationships between rigorously defined concepts and of mathematical proof of statements.
4. (countable, mathematics) A formal or informal language together with a deductive system or a model-theoretic semantics.
5. (countable) Any system of thought, whether rigorous and productive or not, especially one associated with a particular person.

   It's hard to work out his system of logic.

   • 2001 September 27, Terrie E. Moffitt, Avshalom Caspi, Michael Rutter, Phil A. Silva, Sex Differences in Antisocial Behaviour: Conduct Disorder, Delinquency, and Violence in the Dunedin Longitudinal Study‎, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 151:

     This hypothesis goes by many names, including group resistence, the threshold effect, and the gender paradox. Because the hypothesis holds such wide appeal, it is worth revisiting the logic behind it. The hypothesis is built on the factual observation that fewer females than males act antisocially.

   • 2020, Dan Andriacco, Murderers' Row:

     "It's not a matter of opinion that she wasn't anywhere near her husband when somebody shoved a needle in him," I said, miffed. "I would have seen her."
     "By that logic, nobody did it because you didn't see anybody."

6. (uncountable) The part of a system (usually electronic) that performs the boolean logic operations, short for logic gates or logic circuit.

   Fred is designing the logic for the new controller.

7. (countable, sociology) A system of thought or collection of rhetoric, especially one associated with a social practice.
   • 2023, Alba Rosa Boer Cueva et al., Logics of empowerment in the women, peace and security agenda:

     "We identify four logics of empowerment (political, economic, social, and security) and apply these to understanding empowerment’s historical and contemporary meanings-in-use."

同意語

• (mathematics, study): formal logic, modern logic
• (mathematics, system): formal system
• (philosophy): predicate logic

派生語

関連する語

• logician
• logical

派生した語

• → Chinese: 邏輯 / 逻辑 (luójí)

動詞

logic (third-person singular simple present logics, present participle logicking, simple past and past participle logicked)

1. (intransitive, derogatory) To engage in excessive or inappropriate application of logic.
   • 1884, Orestes Augustus Brownson, Controversy, page 21:

     Nay, is not the author himself "logicking" against logic, from the beginning of his book to the end ?

2. (transitive) To apply logical reasoning to.
   • 2010, James Ellroy, Blood's a Rover, page 90:

     He logicked that one out. He snuck into Haiti and scored herbs to rev him and calm him.

3. (transitive) To overcome by logical argument.
   • 2010, Jade Lee, Wicked Surrender:

     If things had gone as usual this night, if Kit had not logicked her into agreement, then she probably would have opened the door tonight.

Further reading

• “logic”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “logic”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
• “logic”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.