loanwordとは 意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• loan word

語源

A calque of German Lehnwort, equivalent to loan +‎ word. Compare West Frisian lienwurd, Dutch leenwoord, Danish låneord, Swedish lånord, Icelandic lánsorð.

発音

• (Canada, 米国発音) IPA: /ˈloʊnˌwɝd/
• (英国発音) IPA: /ˈləʊnˌwɜː(ɹ)d/

名詞

loanword (plural loanwords)

1. A word directly taken into one language from another one.

   "Calque" is a loanword with French origins, and "loanword" is a calque with German origins.

   • [1921 [1919], H. L. Mencken, chapter 32, in The American Language, 2nd edition, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, →ISBN, →OCLC:

     New words, and particularly loanwords, are simplified, and hence naturalized in American much more quickly than in English. Employé has long since become employee in our newspapers, and asphalte has lost its final e, and manœuvre has become maneuver, and pyjamas has become pajamas.]

   • 2018, James Lambert, “Anglo-Indian slang in dictionaries on historical principles”, in World Englishes, volume 37, page 251:

     This searching was facilitated by the author's knowledge of the vagaries of Anglo-Indian spelling and the numerous colonial-era transliteration systems used for loanwords from Indian languages.

   • 2021 April 25, John Malathronas, “Which languages are easiest – and most difficult – for native English speakers to learn?”, in CNN‎, archived from the original on 22 March 2022:

     Indeed, in 1957 Xenophon Zolotas, the then governor of the Bank of Greece, gave two speeches to the IMF that contained just Greek loanwords apart from the inevitable basic English. (Example: “Our policies should be based more on economic and less on political criteria.”)

同意語

下位語

等位語

参考

豆知識

• While the term loanword is a calque from German, the term calque is a loanword from French.

Further reading

• loanword on Wikipedia.Wikipedia