justとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From 中期英語 juste, from Old French juste, from Latin iūstus (“just, lawful, rightful, true, due, proper, moderate”), from Proto-Italic *jowestos, related to Latin iūs (“law, right”); ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂yew-. Compare Scots juist (“just”), Saterland Frisian juust (“just”), West Frisian just (“just”), Dutch juist (“just”), German Low German jüst (“jüst”), German just (“just”), Danish just (“just”), Swedish just (“just”). Doublet of giusto.

別の表記

• jes, jes', jest, jist, jus'
• iust (obsolete)

発音

• (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA: /d͡ʒʌst/
  • 韻: -ʌst
• (Northern England) IPA: /d͡ʒʊst/
• (dialectal) IPA: /d͡ʒɛst/, /d͡ʒɪst/ (may be spelt jest, jist)
• (adverb, unstressed) IPA: /d͡ʒəs(t)/

形容詞

just (comparative juster or more just, superlative justest or most just)

1. Factually right, correct; factual.

   It is a just assessment of the facts.

2. Rationally right, correct.
3. Morally right; upright, righteous, equitable; fair.

   It looks like a just solution at first glance.

   • 1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Sixt”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):

     My lord, we know your grace to be a man
     Just and upright.

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Colossians 4:1:

     Masters, give unto your servants that which is just and equal; knowing that ye also have a Master in heaven.

   • 1744, Alexander Shiels [i.e., Alexander Shields], “Period VI. Containing the Testimony through the Continued Tract of the Present Deformation, from the Year 1660 to this Day.”, in A Hind Let Loose: Or, An Historical Representation of the Testimonies of the Church of Scotland, for the Interest of Christ; with the True State thereof in All Its Periods: [...], Edinburgh: Reprinted by R. Drummond and Company, and sold by William Gray bookbinder in the Grassmarket, and several others, &c., →OCLC, pages 167–168:

     Here is a Proclamation for a Prince: that proclaims him in whoſe name it is emitted [James II of England], to be the greateſt Tyrant that ever lived in the world, and their Revolt who have diſowned him to be the juſteſt that ever was.

   • 1900 December – 1901 August, H[erbert] G[eorge] Wells, “chapter 23”, in The First Men in the Moon, London: George Newnes, […], published 1901, →OCLC:

     Looking back over my previously written account of these things, I must insist that I have been altogether juster to Cavor than he has been to me.

4. Proper, adequate.

同意語

• right, correct
• righteous, equitable
• proper, adequate

反意語

• unjust

派生語

関連する語

• justice

副詞

just (not comparable)

1. Only, simply, merely.

   Just plant a few tomatoes, unless you can freeze or dry them.

   He calls it vermilion, but it's just red to me.

   • 1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter VIII, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y.; London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:

     Philander went into the next room, which was just a lean-to hitched on to the end of the shanty, and came back with a salt mackerel that dripped brine like a rainstorm. Then he put the coffee pot on the stove and rummaged out a loaf of dry bread and some hardtack.

   • 2013 June 8, “The new masters and commanders”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8839, page 52:

     From the ground, Colombo’s port does not look like much. […]   But viewed from high up in one of the growing number of skyscrapers in Sri Lanka’s capital, it is clear that something extraordinary is happening: China is creating a shipping hub just 200 miles from India’s southern tip.

   • 2013 June 14, Sam Leith, “Where the profound meets the profane”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 1, page 37:

     Swearing doesn't just mean what we now understand by "dirty words". It is entwined, in social and linguistic history, with the other sort of swearing: vows and oaths.

   1. Introduces a disappointing or surprising outcome that renders futile something previously mentioned.

      I spent two hours cooking my favorite recipe, just to burn the rice and ruin the meal.

      I helped him out, just for him to betray me.

2. (sentence adverb) Used to reduce the force of an imperative; simply.

   Just follow the directions on the box.

3. (sentence adverb) Used to increase the force of an imperative; simply, without questioning.

   I'm tired of playing games – just get it done.

4. Used to convey a less serious or formal tone

   I just called to say "hi".

5. (degree) Absolutely, positively

   It is just splendid!

   just fine

6. Barely, hardly, scarcely.
   1. Moments ago, only very recently.

      They just left, but you may leave a message at the desk.

      • 1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter VIII, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y.; London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:

        Philander went into the next room […] and came back with a salt mackerel […] . Next he put the mackerel in a fry-pan, and the shanty began to smell like a Banks boat just in from a v'yage.

   2. By a narrow margin; closely; narrowly; almost not.

      The fastball just missed my head!

      The fire department arrived just in time.

      The piece just might fit.

      • 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 14, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:

        Nanny Broome was looking up at the outer wall.  Just under the ceiling there were three lunette windows, heavily barred and blacked out in the normal way by centuries of grime.

7. Exactly, precisely, perfectly.

   He wants everything just right for the big day.

   • 1693, Decimus Junius Juvenalis, John Dryden, transl., “[The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis.] The Fourteenth Satyr”, in The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis. Translated into English Verse. […] Together with the Satires of Aulus Persius Flaccus. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson […], →OCLC:

     And having just enough, not covet more.

   • c. 1580 (date written), Philippe Sidnei [i.e., Philip Sidney], “[The Second Booke] Chapter 19”, in [Fulke Greville; Matthew Gwinne; John Florio], editors, The Countesse of Pembrokes Arcadia [The New Arcadia], London: […] [John Windet] for William Ponsonbie, published 1590, →OCLC, folio 122, recto:

     The god Pan […] guided my hand so just to the heart of the beast.

   • c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merry Wiues of Windsor”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene vi]:

     To-night, at Herne's oak, just 'twixt twelve and one.

   • 2013 June 22, “Engineers of a different kind”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8841, page 70:

     Private-equity nabobs bristle at being dubbed mere financiers. Piling debt onto companies’ balance-sheets is only a small part of what leveraged buy-outs are about, they insist. Improving the workings of the businesses they take over is just as core to their calling, if not more so. Much of their pleading is public-relations bluster.

同意語

• (only): merely, simply; see also Thesaurus:merely
• (recently): freshly, lately, newly
• (by a narrow margin): barely, hardly, narrowly, scarcely; see also Thesaurus:slightly
• (exactly): on the dot, smack-dab; see also Thesaurus:exactly

派生語

間投詞

just

1. (slang) Expressing dismay or discontent.

語源 2

Variation of joust, presumably ultimately from Latin iuxta (“near, besides”).

発音

• (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA: /d͡ʒʌst/
• 韻: -ʌst

名詞

just (plural justs)

1. A joust, tournament.
   • 1928, Edgar Rice Burroughs, chapter 11, in Tarzan, Lord of the Jungle‎, 1st edition, page 139:

     Justs and tilts were held here weekly, while the great tourneys that occurred less often were given upon a field outside the castle wall upon the floor of the valley.

動詞

just (third-person singular simple present justs, present participle justing, simple past and past participle justed)

1. To joust, fight a tournament.
   • 1600, [Torquato Tasso], “The Third Booke of Godfrey of Bulloigne”, in Edward Fairefax [i.e., Edward Fairfax], transl., Godfrey of Bulloigne, or The Recouerie of Ierusalem. […], London: […] Ar[nold] Hatfield, for I[saac] Iaggard and M[atthew] Lownes, →OCLC, page 39:

     He iusts with her vnknowne whom he lou’d best, [...].

参照

• Stanley, Oma (1937), “I. Vowel Sounds in Stressed Syllables”, in The Speech of East Texas (American Speech: Reprints and Monographs; 2), New York: Columbia University Press, →DOI, →ISBN, § 12, page 27.
• “just”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “just”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.

アナグラム

• UJTs, juts