jigとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Received Pronunciation, General American) enPR: jĭg; IPA: /d͡ʒɪɡ/
• Homophone: gig (one pronunciation)
• 韻: -ɪɡ

語源 1

Unknown. Derivation from 中期英語 gyge (“fiddle”), from Old French gigue (“a fiddle”) has been proposed, but the connection and sense development are obscure. The sense “a type of dance” of modern French gigue is borrowed from English.

名詞

jig (plural jigs)

1. (music) A light, brisk musical movement; a gigue.
2. (traditional Irish music and dance) A lively dance in 6/8 (double jig), 9/8 (slip jig) or 12/8 (single jig) time; a tune suitable for such a dance. By extension, a lively traditional tune in any of these time signatures. Unqualified, the term is usually taken to refer to a double (6/8) jig.

   They danced a jig.

   • 2012 November 15, Tom Lamont, “How Mumford & Sons became the biggest band in the world”, in The Daily Telegraph‎:

     Soon Marshall is doing an elaborate foot-to-foot jig, and then they're all bounding around. Shoulder dips. Yee-ha faces. It's an impromptu hoedown.

3. (traditional English Morris dance) A dance performed by one or sometimes two individual dancers, as opposed to a dance performed by a set or team.
4. (fishing) A type of lure consisting of a hook molded into a weight, usually with a bright or colorful body.
   • 1897, Rudyard Kipling, Captains Courageous:

     They were waked out of their bunks one black night by yells of "Squid O!" from Salters, and for an hour and a half every soul aboard hung over his squid-jig—a piece of lead painted red and armed at the lower end with a circle of pins bent backward like half-opened umbrella ribs.

5. A device in manufacturing, woodworking, or other creative endeavors for controlling the location, path of movement, or both of either a workpiece or the tool that is operating upon it. Subsets of this general class include machining jigs, woodworking jigs, welders' jigs, jewelers' jigs, and many others.

   Cutting circles out of pinewood is best done with a compass-style jig.

   • 1959 March, “The 2,500 h.p. electric locomotives for the Kent Coast electrification”, in Trains Illustrated, page 125:

     The bodywork employs, where possible, the same constructional methods as for the standard B.R. coaching stock, in order to utilise existing jigs and press tools.

   • 1971, Gwen White, Antique Toys And Their Background, page 90:

     The craze for realism now led the toy manufacturers to try to make their models from still secret plans for the new cars. Should a car firm scrap its plans and jigs, the toy firm had to follow suit.

6. (mining) An apparatus or machine for jigging ore.
7. (obsolete) A light, humorous piece of writing, especially in rhyme; a farce in verse; a ballad.
   • 1647, John Fletcher, Beaumont and Fletcher, The Fair Maid of the Inn:

     A jig shall be clapped at, and every rhyme / Praised and applauded by a clamorous chime.

8. (obsolete) A trick; a prank.
   • 1635, James Shirley, The Coronation:

     This Innovation? Is't not a fine Jigg? / A precious cunning in the late Protector / To shuffle a new Prince into the State.

派生語

動詞

jig (third-person singular simple present jigs, present participle jigging, simple past and past participle jigged)

1. To move briskly, especially as a dance.

   The guests were jigging around on the dance floor.

2. To move with a skip or rhythm; to move with vibrations or jerks.
   • 1891, Thomas Hardy, Tess of the d'Urbervilles:

     the candle-flame stretched itself tall, and began jigging up and down.

   • 1893, Rudyard Kipling, The White Seal:

     […] and the fin would jig off slowly, as if it were looking for nothing at all.

3. (fishing) To fish with a jig.
4. To sing to the tune of a jig.
   • c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Loues Labour’s Lost”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:

     No, my complete master, but to jig off a tune at the tongue’s end, canary to it with your feet, humor it with turning up your eyelids,

5. To trick or cheat; to cajole; to delude.
   • 1633, Iohn Ford [i.e., John Ford], Loues Sacrifice. A Tragedie […], London: […] I[ohn] B[eale] for Hugh Beeston, […], →OCLC, (please specify the page):

     Make thy moan to ballad singers and rhymers ; they'll jig out thy wretchedness and abominations to new tunes

6. (mining) To sort or separate, as ore in a jigger or sieve.
7. To cut or form, as a piece of metal, in a jigging machine.
8. To skip school or be truant.

派生語

• jig up
• rejig

語源 2

Probably a clipping of jigaboo, of uncertain origin, perhaps an African/Bantu word. Alternatively, jigaboo may be derived from jig (“dance”).

名詞

jig (plural jigs)

1. (US, offensive, slang, dated, ethnic slur) A black person.
   • 1963 (date written), John Kennedy Toole, A Confederacy of Dunces, London: Penguin Books, published 1980 (1981 printing), →ISBN:

     “You got a new jig, huh?” The boy looked out at Jones through his swirls of oiled hair. “What happened to the last one? He die or something?”

   • 2003, David W. Maurer, Whiz Mob, page 40:

     This type of pickpocket, it should be noted, is passing from the scene; most class cannons now operating are old-timers. “The only youngsters I see breaking in on the whiz are jigs, and they are coining a bebop lingo that is something. […]

   • 2011, Andrew Lithgow, Retribution‎, →ISBN, page 228:

     “…Lucky for me he wasn’t a jig, otherwise I couldn’t have done it.”
     “Jig?”
     “Nigger. Afro American.” His voice was heavy with sarcasm.

参照