jibとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (英国発音, 米国発音) IPA: /d͡ʒɪb/
• 韻: -ɪb

語源 1

Attested since the 1660s, of uncertain origin. Perhaps related to jib (“shift or swing around”) (see below).

名詞

jib (plural jibs)

1. (nautical) A triangular staysail set forward of the foremast. In a sloop (see image) the basic jib reaches back roughly to the level of the mast.
   • (Can we date this quote?), “RS Quest Rigging Instructions”, in California State University, Sacramento‎, page 2:

     Release the line by pulling down and unfurl the jib by pulling on the two jibsheets.

2. (nautical, usually with a modifier) Any of a variety of specialty triangular staysails set forward of the foremast.

別の表記

• jibe (archaic)

派生語

語源 2

Attested since the 1680s (also spelled jibe and gybe), perhaps from Dutch gijben (a variant of gijpen (“to turn sails suddenly”), whence certainly the form jibe) or else from Danish gibbe (“jib, jibe”), related to Swedish gippa (“jib, jibe, jerk, make jump”). Compare also Middle High German gempeln (“to spring”), Swedish guppa (“to move up and down”), Swedish gumpa (“to jump, spring”). See jump.

動詞

jib (third-person singular simple present jibs, present participle jibbing, simple past and past participle jibbed)

1. (chiefly nautical) To shift, or swing around, as a sail, boom, yard, etc., as in tacking.

参考

• asymmetrical spinnaker
• blooper
• deck sweeper
• drifter
• genoa

語源 3

Attested since the 1660s, of uncertain origin, perhaps a shortening of gibbet.

名詞

jib (plural jibs)

1. The projecting arm of a crane.

   Synonym: gibbet

2. (metonymic, cinematography, film) A crane used for mounting and moving a video camera.
3. An object that is used for performing tricks while skiing, snowboarding, skateboarding, in-line skating, or biking. These objects are usually found in a terrain park or skate park.
4. (slang) A person's face.
   • 2017, Al Kent, Custodians of the Hummingbird, page 491:

     Whipping around I saw Herman with a stunned expression on his jib.

語源 4

Uncertain, perhaps related to jib (“shift or swing around”) (see above).

動詞

jib (third-person singular simple present jibs, present participle jibbing, simple past and past participle jibbed)

1. To stop and refuse to go forward (usually of a horse).

   Synonym: balk

   • 1826, Benjamin Disraeli, Vivian Grey‎, London: Henry Colburn, published 1827, Volume 4, Book 6, page 73:

     “Who calls, who calls?” cried Essper; a shout was the only answer. There was no path, but the underwood was low, and Vivian took his horse, an old forester, across it with ease. Essper’s jibbed.

   • 1899 February, Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CLXV, number M, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, part I:

     Then he got fever, and had to be carried in a hammock slung under a pole. As he weighed sixteen stone I had no end of rows with the carriers. They jibbed, ran away, sneaked off with their loads in the night—quite a mutiny.

   • 1901, Rudyard Kipling, chapter 2, in Kim‎:

     The lama jibbed at the open door of a crowded third-class carriage. ‘Were it not better to walk?’ said he weakly.

   • 1930, Norman Lindsay, Redheap, Sydney, N.S.W.: Ure Smith, →OCLC, page 119:

     "Where are we going?" she asked, jibbing capriciously in the descent.

   • 1989, Jack Vance, chapter 8, in Madouc:

     “Juno has a kindly gait. She neither jibs nor shies, though she will take a fence no more. […] ”

2. (figuratively) To stop doing something, to become reluctant to proceed with an activity.
   • 1819, Walter Scott, chapter 28, in The Bride of Lammermoor‎:

     “What say you to the young lady herself?” said Craigengelt; “the finest young woman in all Scotland, one that you used to be so fond of when she was cross, and now she consents to have you, and gives up her engagement with Ravenswood, you are for jibbing. I must say, the devil’s in ye, when ye neither know what you would have nor what you would want.”

   • 1992, Hilary Mantel, A Place of Greater Safety, Harper Perennial, published 2007, pages 401–2:

     Some of us began to jib when the family began to collect portraits of their new son to decorate their walls [...].

   • 2002, Colin Jones, The Great Nation, Penguin, published 2003, page 318:

     The Parlement scarcely jibbed.

派生語

名詞

jib (plural jibs)

1. One who jibs or balks, refusing to continue forward.
2. A stationary condition; a standstill.

語源 5

名詞

jib (uncountable)

1. (slang) Crystal meth.

語源 6

From 中期英語 gibbe (“a swelling or protrusion in the body”), from Old French gibbe and/or Medieval Latin gibba (“hump”).

別の表記

• gib

名詞

jib (plural jibs)

1. (slang, especially African-American Vernacular) The mouth, sometimes particularly the tongue, underlip, or tooth.

   They needa’ watch they jibs.

参照

• Cassell's Dictionary of Slang (2005)

語源 7

名詞

jib (plural jibs)

1. (Ireland, slang, archaic) A first-year student at the University of Dublin.
   • 1840, The University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review, page 133:

     Forgetting that the jibs, whom they insulted, were afterwards to grow into the influential men […]

   • 2014, Peter Guy, As Mirrors Are Lonely, page 115:

     [I]n a healthy environment, young Mahoney might have taken the risk, both with University and, in part, with entering the Aula for the jibs dance.

参考

• jib out

参照

• John Camden Hotten (1873), The Slang Dictionary