iuvenisとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Proto-Italic *juwenis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂yéwHō. Cognate with Sanskrit युवन् (yúvan), Persian جوان (javân), Old Irish óc (early OIr: óac), 古期英語 ġeong (whence English young).

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈjʊ.wɛ.nɪs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈjuː.ve.nis]

名詞

iuvenis m or f (genitive iuvenis); third declension

1. A youth, a young man, young woman, young adult (between ages 20-40), (older than an adulescens but younger than a senior/senex)

   Antonym: senex

使用する際の注意点

• In classical Latin, the age of a iuvenis ranged approximately from 20 to 40. In medieval Latin, the classical definition continued to be used, but the word could sometimes refer instead to younger ages such as 14-19, overlapping with the sense of classical Latin adulēscēns or even puer.

語形変化

Third-declension noun.

形容詞

iuvenis (genitive iuvenis, comparative iūnior or iuvenior); third-declension one-termination adjective (non-i-stem)

1. youthful, young

   Synonyms: iuvenīlis, novus, novellus, recēns, adulēscēns

   Antonyms: senex, grandaevus, vetus, vetulus

   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 7.10.1.1:

     Diu inter primores iuvenum Romanorum silentium fuit

     • 1924 translation by Benjamin Oliver Foster

       The young Roman nobles were for a long time silent.

   • c. 100 CE – 110 CE, Tacitus, Histories 4.8.18:

     Suadere etiam Prisco ne supra principem scanderet, ne Vespasianum senem triumphalem, iuvenum liberorum patrem, praeceptis coerceret.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • before late 4th century CE, pseudo-Quintilian, Declamationes Maiores 9.23.12:

     Si quis grandis natu parens est, miserebitur senis, si quis iuvenis filius, miserebitur adolescentis.

     If anyone is an aged parent, he will commiserate with the old; if anyone is a young son, he will commiserate with the young.

使用する際の注意点

• In Classical Latin, this adjective often implies a more specific phase of life than merely 'not yet old', typically referring to young adults rather than infants or children (which might instead be described as recēns or parvus). See the note beneath the noun for more details on the typical age range when applied to a human. There are attestations in Imperial Latin that show overlap rather than contrast with the age category denoted by the word adulēscēns. A sense 'immature' or 'not adult' is attested in New Latin.
• When used as an adjective of the positive degree, it is normally masculine or feminine with the same consonant-stem forms as the noun. Positive forms not shared with the noun (e.g. i-stem ablative singular iuvenī, genitive plural iuvenium, neuter nominative/accusative singular iuvene, neuter plural iuvenia) are unattested in Classical Latin, and seen only occasionally in Medieval or New Latin texts. Some i-stem forms are specifically stated to be absent by Latin grammarians.
• The superlative (iuvenissimus) is not attested in Classical Latin: the sense of "youngest" is expressed by other means, such as the phrase natū minimus (literally "least in age").

語形変化

Third-declension one-termination adjective (non-i-stem).

関連する語

派生した語

参照

Further reading

• “iuvenis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "iuvenis", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “iuvenis” in volume 7, part 2, column 734, line 1 in the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae (TLL Open Access), Berlin (formerly Leipzig): De Gruyter (formerly Teubner), 1900–present