it'sとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• IPA: /ɪts/
• 韻: -ɪts
• Homophone: its

語源 1

Contraction of ‘it is’, ‘it has’ or 'it was'.

短縮形

it’s

1. Contraction of it is.

   it’s too expensive;  it’s coming right for us!; it's a free country

   • 1743, Martin Marley, The Good Confessor, page 307:

     [...], guided not by his own Will, but by the Medick Science, which dictates, that it's recessary, beneficial, and convenient to alter, mix, and temper this medicine, and fit it to the Disposition, and Constitution of the Patient[.]

   • 2013 June 21, Oliver Burkeman, “The tao of tech”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 2, page 48:

     The dirty secret of the internet is that all this distraction and interruption is immensely profitable. Web companies like to boast about […] and so on. But the real way to build a successful online business is to be better than your rivals at undermining people's control of their own attention. Partly, this is a result of how online advertising has traditionally worked: advertisers pay for clicks, and a click is a click, however it's obtained.

2. Contraction of it has.

   It’s been a long time since I’ve had cheesecake.

3. (proscribed) Contraction of it was.

   It’s the same stoneground flour from this week that we used to make last week's strudel.

   • 2016, Dominique Roques, Pico Bogue - Volume 4 - Striking the Balance‎, page 31:

     I guess for you it's the past that had a surprise in store.

4. (dialectal) There's, there is; there're, there are.

   it's a fine line between love and hate; it's a package for you by the door

使用する際の注意点

• See Usage under “its”

同意語

• (it is): ’tis
• (it was): ’twas

語源 2

From it +‎ -’s (possessive marker).

限定詞

it's

1. Obsolete form of its.
   • 1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 43, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book I, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:

     The manner wherewith our Lawes assay to moderate the foolish and vaine expences of table-cheare and apparell, seemeth contrarie to it’s end.

   • 1767, George Canning, “Anti-Lucretius”, in Poems‎, London: for the author, page 281:

     Behold the balanc’d Scales suspended stand,
     Neither a jot inclin’d to either hand:
     But place the smallest grain of weight in one,
     Straight the fraternal equipoise is gone;
     The loaded scale, preponderant, downward flies,
     Drags down the chain, and makes it’s [sic] partner rise.

   • 1787, “Article I”, in United States Constitution:

     No State shall, without the Consent of the Congress, lay any Imposts or Duties on Imports or Exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing it's inspection Laws[.]

   • 1803, President Thomas Jefferson, Instructions to Captain Meriwether Lewis:

     The object of your mission is to explore the Missouri river, & such principal stream of it, as, by it’s course & communication with the waters of the Pacific Ocean.

   • 1815 December (indicated as 1816), [Jane Austen], chapter IV, in Emma: […], volume III, London: […] [Charles Roworth and James Moyes] for John Murray, →OCLC, page 60:

     It’s tendency would be to raise and refine her mind—and it must be saving her from the danger of degradation.

   • 1848, Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo‎:

     Article V.
     The Boundary line between the two Republics shall commence in the Gulf of Mexico, three leagues from land, opposite the mouth of the Rio Grande, otherwise called Rio Bravo del Norte, or opposite the mouth of it’s deepest branch, if it should have more than one branch emptying directly into the sea; from thence up the middle of that river, following the deepest channel, where it has more than one, to the point where it strikes the southern boundary of New Mexico; thence, westwardly, along the whole southern boundary of New Mexico (which runs north of the town called Paso) to it’s western termination; thence, northward, along the western line of New Mexico, until it intersects the first branch of the river Gila; (or if it should not intersect any branch of that river, then, to the point on the said line nearest to such branch, and thence in a direct line to the same;) thence down the middle of the said branch and of the said river, until it empties into the Rio Colorado; thence, across the Rio Colorado, following the division line between Upper and Lower California, to the Pacific Ocean.

   • 1876, Mark Twain [pseudonym; Samuel Langhorne Clemens], chapter XXIX, in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Hartford, Conn.: The American Publishing Company, →OCLC, page 219:

     The mouth of the cave was up the hillside—an opening shaped like a letter A. It’s massive oaken door stood unbarred.

2. Misspelling of its.

アナグラム

• SIT, 'tis, Sit, IST, TIs, t'is, tis, STI, TIS, is't, ist, sit, -ist, Ist, TSI, S.T.I.

発音

• IPA: /ɪts/
• (Northwestern 米国発音) IPA: /ɪʔ.s/
• 韻: -ɪts
• Homophone: it's

語源 1

Equivalent to it +‎ -s (possessive marker). From the earlier form it's (it +‎ -'s), which is now considered nonstandard. Began to displace his as the possessive of the neuter pronoun in the 中期英語 period; had fully displaced it by the 1700s.

別の表記

• it's (now nonstandard)

限定詞

its

1. Belonging to it. [from 16th c.]
   • 1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 43, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book I, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:

     The manner wherewith our Lawes assay to moderate the foolish and vaine expences of table-cheare and apparell, seemeth contrarie to it's end.

   • 1751, G. Burnett, translated by Thomas More, Utopia:

     since I have been at the Pains to write it, if he consents to it's being published I will follow my Friend's Advice, and chiefly yours.

   • 1763, Authorized King James Version of the Bible, Oxford Standard Text, Leviticus 25:5:

     That which groweth of its own accord of thy harvest thou shalt not reap, neither gather the grapes of thy vine undressed: for it is a year of rest unto the land. (originally "of it own accord" in the 1611 first edition)

   • 1813, Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice:

     They descended the hill, crossed the bridge, and drove to the door; and, while examining the nearer aspect of the house, all her apprehensions of meeting its owner returned.

   • 1989 June 5, Jasper Becker, John Gittings, The Guardian:

     The Chinese government is at war with its own people.

   • 2024 July 23, Lilit Marcus, “Japan may be sick of mass tourism. But the deer in this ancient UNESCO-listed city love it”, in CNN‎:

     Nara and its deer are so closely associated that the light-brown colored animals are pictured in the city’s tourism ads, on buses, train tickets and more.

派生語

代名詞

its

1. The one (or ones) belonging to it. [from 17th c.]
   • 1645, Philip Wharton, 4th Baron Wharton, Letter to Ferdinando Fairfax, 6 February 1645:

     [...] both Houses have resolved to rob the North of a good friend of its and yours.

   • 2007 October 1, Ian Austen, “Canadian Court Opens Up eBay Data to Tax Agency”, in New York Times:

     EBay Canada argued in court that the data sought by tax collectors was not its to give.

   • 1917, Charles Henry Taylor, History of the Board of Trade of the City of Chicago‎, volume 2, page 1259:

     ...the Board of Trade of Chicago can at least feel that it has played its part manfully and patriotically, and that no act of its has stood in the way of National victory.

   • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:its.

使用する際の注意点

• In practice, its is commonly used as a determiner before a noun, but its use as a solo pronoun is generally avoided.
• Its is now distinguished from it's (a contraction of "it is" or "it has"). For example, It's going to rain is equivalent to It is going to rain, and It's been raining for hours is equivalent to It has been raining for hours. However, the two are commonly confused, and using its where there should be it's (or vice versa) is a common mistake in written English.
• Like it, its is usually avoided when referring to humans. Its is commonly used with animals when the gender is unknown or unimportant. However, its could be used if the person who can't be seen clearly is described as a figure, shape, silhouette, etc. E.g. The figure moved behind a bush, but Josh could see its shadow from the moonlight.

参考

• their, theirs

語源 2

Contraction of it +‎ is.

短縮形

its

1. Obsolete spelling of it's.
   • 1662, Balthazar Gerbier, A Brief Discourse Concerning the Three Chief Principles of Magnificent Building. Viz. Solidity, Conveniency, and Ornament., London, page 37:

     As for the main bulk of Palaces, its true ſome have a greatneſs in plainneſs, […]

   • 1665, Johannes Riolanus, translated by Nich[olas] Culpeper, “The Division of Mans Body”, in A Sure Guide or, The Best and Nearest Way to Physick and Chirurgery: […] (The Physitian’s Library), London: […] Peter Cole […], →OCLC, page 31:

     The Fleſh of man, becauſe its Nouriſhed by purer Blood, is delicater than the fleſh of other Creatures, and prefered before it by Canibals, or Man-Eaters.

語源 3

From it +‎ -s (plural suffix).

名詞

its

1. plural of it

参照

アナグラム

• SIT, 'tis, Sit, IST, TIs, t'is, tis, STI, TIS, is't, ist, sit, -ist, Ist, TSI, S.T.I.