ishとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• enPR: ĭsh
• (米国発音, Canada, General Australian, Scotland) IPA: /ɪʃ/
• (New Zealand) IPA: /əʃ/
• (India) IPA: /iʃ/

接尾辞

-ish

1. (of adjectives from common nouns) Typical of, similar to, being like.

   Her face had a girlish charm.

   • 1859, Harriet Parr (as Holme Lee), Against Wind and Tide, volume 1, p. 273:

     […] ; for she had recently developed a magpie[-]ish tendency to appropriate and conceal trifling matters; […]

2. (of adjectives from adjectives, with a diminutive force) Somewhat, rather.

   Her face had a bluish tinge.

   • 1935, George Goodchild, chapter 5, in Death on the Centre Court:

     By one o'clock the place was choc-a-bloc. […] The restaurant was packed, and the promenade between the two main courts and the subsidiary courts was thronged with healthy-looking youngish people, drawn to the Mecca of tennis from all parts of the country.

3. (of adjectives from numbers, especially of times and ages) About, approximately.

   We arrived at tennish. We arrived tennish. ― We arrived sometime around ten.

   I couldn't tell his precise age, but he looked fiftyish.

4. (of adjectives from roots of proper nouns denoting names of nations or regions) Of, belonging, or relating to (a nationality, place, language or similar association with something).

   British, Cornish, Danish, English, Finnish, Irish, Jewish, Kentish, Polish, Scottish, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish etc.

使用する際の注意点

• This is a productive termination used as a regular formative of adjectives (which are sometimes also used as nouns).
• (of adjectives from common nouns) Many of the words may have a more or less depreciative or contemptuous force.
• (of adjectives from roots of proper nouns) This is the regular formative of patrial adjectives, with the suffix in some adjectives being contracted to -sh or (especially when t precedes) to -ch, as in Welsh (formerly also Welch), Scotch, Dutch, and French. Some used colloquially or made up on occasion may have a diminutive or derogatory implication.

同意語

• (being like): quasi-, para-, -oid, -form/-iform, -esque, -ly, -some, -y, (restricted to casual registers) -ass, (forms adjectives from nouns only) -like

派生語

関連する語

• ish

語源 2

From 中期英語 -ishen, -ischen, -issen, from Old French -iss-, -is- (a termination of the stem of some forms [present participle, etc.] of certain verbs), from Latin -ēscere, -īscere (an inchoative suffix), the formative -esc-, -isc- (-sc-, Greek -σκ- (-sk-)) being ultimately cognate with English -ish (Etymology 1). See -esce, -escent, etc.

接尾辞

-ish

1. (no longer productive) An ending found on some verbs; see usage notes.

使用する際の注意点

• This is a termination of some English verbs of French origin, which normally end in -ir in French, or formed on the type of such verbs, having no assignable force, but being merely a terminal relic, e.g. astonish, banish, establish, diminish, finish, punish, etc.
• In some verbs it appears in the form -ise, as in advertise and franchise.

関連する語

参照

• William Dwight Whitney and Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1914), “-ish”, in The Century Dictionary: An Encyclopedic Lexicon of the English Language, revised edition, volume III, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC, page 3193.
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “ish”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.

Further reading

• Booker, John Manning (1912), The French “Inchoative” Suffix -iss and the French -ir Conjugation in Middle English‎, Heidelberg

アナグラム

• His, Hsi, IHS, Shi, his, shi

接尾辞

-ish

1. alternative form of -yssh