inquamとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Not entirely clear. Possibly from Old Latin *insquom, compare īnsece and īnseque (“say!”, imperative). From Proto-Indo-European *h₁en-sékʷ-t, the *h₁en-prefixed form of the aorist stem of Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to say”) that has been thematicized in both Latin and Ancient Greek ἐνέπω (enépō, “to tell”).

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈɪŋ.kʷãː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈiŋ.kʷam]

動詞

inquam (perfect active inquiī); irregular conjugation, highly defective, no infinitive, no gerund

1. to say

   Synonyms: aio, for, dīcō, loquor, alloquor, effor, oro

   • c. 200 BCE – 190 BCE, Plautus, Captivi 3.4.39–40:

     Tun te Philocratem esse ais? — Ego, inquam.

     So, you claim to be Philocrates, you say? — I certainly say that.

   • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 7.20:

     "Haec ut intellegatis," inquit, "a me sincere pronuntiari, audite Romanos milites"

     "In order that you may be assured," he said, "that I sincerely announce these things, listen to the Roman soldiers!"

使用する際の注意点

• Used to introduce a quotation, platitude, or logical argument.

Conjugation

This verb is largely conjugated as if it were *inquiō (3rd conjugation) in present tenses and *inquō (also 3rd conjugation) in perfect tenses. However, there is an unusual first person singular present form inquam (cf. the athematic verb sum). This form is inherited from Proto-Indo-European *h₁en-sékʷ-m̥, the 1st person singular indicative of the aorist stem Proto-Indo-European *h₁en-sékʷ-t.

Medieval Latin.

参照

Further reading

• “inquam”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “inquam”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “inquam”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.