hullとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• IPA: /hʌl/
• 韻: -ʌl

語源 1

From 中期英語 hul, hulle, holle (“seed covering, hull of a ship”), from 古期英語 hulu (“seed covering”), from Proto-Germanic *hul-, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, hide”); or possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kal- (“hard”).

Compare Dutch hul (“hood”), German Hülle (“cover, wrap”), Hülse (“hull”); also Old Irish calad, calath (“hard”), Latin callus, callum (“rough skin”), Old Church Slavonic калити (kaliti, “to cool, harden”). For the sense development, compare French coque (“nutshell; ship's hull”), Ancient Greek φάσηλος (phásēlos, “bean pod; yacht”).

名詞

hull (plural hulls)

1. The outer covering of a fruit or seed.

   Synonyms: peel, husk, shell

2. Any covering.

派生語

動詞

hull (third-person singular simple present hulls, present participle hulling, simple past and past participle hulled)

1. To remove the outer covering of a fruit or seed.

   Synonyms: peel, husk, shell, shuck

   She sat on the back porch hulling peanuts.

語源 2

From 中期英語 holle, hoole (“hull, hold of a ship, ship”), of uncertain origin. Possibly a variant and special use of Etymology 1 above, conformed to hull. Alternatively, a variant of 中期英語 hole, hoole, holle (“hiding place, lair, den, shelter, compartment”, literally “hole, hollow”), related to Middle Dutch and Dutch hol (“hole, ship's cargo hold”). More at hole.

名詞

hull (plural hulls)

1. The body or frame of a vessel, such as a ship or plane.

   Synonym: (of a winged aircraft) fuselage

   • 1627, Iohn Smith [i.e., John Smith], “How to Build a Ship with the Definitions of All the Principall Names of Euery Part of her Principall Timbers, also How They are Fixed One to Another, and the Reasons of Their Vse”, in A Sea Grammar, with the Plaine Exposition of Smiths Accidence for Young Sea-men, Enlarged. […], London: […] Iohn Haviland, →OCLC, page 5:

     VVhen you haue berthed or brought her [the ship] vp to the planks, vvhich are thoſe thicke timbers vvhich goeth fore and aft on each ſide, vvhereon doth lie the beames of the firſt Orlop, vvhich is the firſt floore to ſupport the plankes doth couer the Hovvle, thoſe are great croſſe timbers, that keepes the ſhip ſides aſunder, the maine beame is euer next the maine maſt, […]

   • 1667, John Dryden, Annus Mirabilis: The Year of Wonders, 1666. […], London: […] Henry Herringman, […], →OCLC, stanza 60:

     Deep in their hulls our deadly bullets light, / And through the yielding planks a passage find.

2. (mathematics, geometry, of a set A) The smallest set that possesses a particular property (such as convexity) and contains every point of A; slightly more formally, the intersection of all sets which possess the specified property and of which A is a subset.

   Synonym: span

   The orthogonal convex hull of an orthogonal polygon is the smallest orthogonally convex polygon that encloses the original polygon.

   holomorphically convex hull; affine hull; injective hull

派生語

動詞

hull (third-person singular simple present hulls, present participle hulling, simple past and past participle hulled)

1. (obsolete, intransitive, nautical) To drift; to be carried by the impetus of wind or water on the ship's hull alone, with sails furled.
   • 1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 1, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:

     We goe not, but we are carried: as things that flote, now gliding gently, now hulling violently, according as the water is, either stormy or calme.

   • 1613 (date written), William Shakespeare, [John Fletcher], “The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eight”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iv]:

     […] Thus hulling in
     The wild sea of my conscience, I did steer
     Toward this remedy, whereupon we are
     Now present here together:

   • 1716, Thomas Browne, edited by Samuel Johnson, Christian Morals‎, 2nd edition, London: J. Payne, published 1756, Part I, p. 8:

     In this virtuous voyage of life hull not about like the ark, without the use of rudder, mast, or sail, and bound for no port.

2. (transitive) To hit (a ship) in the hull with cannon fire etc.
   • 1774, George Shelvocke, “The Voyage of Captain Shelvock Round the World”, in David Henry, editor, An Historical Account of All the Voyages Round the World, Performed by English Navigators‎, volume 2, London: F. Newbery, page 163:

     During this action, we had not a man killed or wounded, although the enemy often hulled us, and once, in particular, a shot coming into one of our ports, dismounted one of our guns between decks […]