hauntとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From 中期英語 haunten (“to reside, inhabit, use, employ”), from Old French hanter (“to inhabit, frequent, resort to”), from Old Northern French hanter (“to go back home, frequent”), from Old Norse heimta (“to bring home, fetch”) or/and from 古期英語 hāmettan (“to bring home; house; cohabit with”); both from Proto-Germanic *haimatjaną (“to house, bring home”), from Proto-Germanic *haimaz (“village, home”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóymos (“village”).

Cognate with 古期英語 hǣman (“to cohabit, lie with, marry”); related to 古期英語 hām (“home, village”), Old French hantin (“a stay, a place frequented by”) from the same Germanic source. Another descendant from the French is Dutch hanteren, whence German hantieren, Swedish hantera, Danish håndtere. More at home.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /hɔːnt/, enPR: hônt
• (米国発音) IPA: /hɔnt/, enPR: hônt
  • (cot–caught merger) IPA: /hɑnt/, enPR: hänt
• 韻: -ɔːnt

動詞

haunt (third-person singular simple present haunts, present participle haunting, simple past and past participle haunted)

1. (transitive) To inhabit or to visit frequently (most often used in reference to ghosts).

   A couple of ghosts haunt the old, burnt-down house.

   • c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merry Wiues of Windsor”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iv], page 52, column 1:

     You wrong me Sir,​thus ſtill to haunt my houſe.

   • 1600, [Torquato Tasso], “(please specify |book=1 to 20)”, in Edward Fairefax [i.e., Edward Fairfax], transl., Godfrey of Bulloigne, or The Recouerie of Ierusalem. […], London: […] Ar[nold] Hatfield, for I[saac] Iaggard and M[atthew] Lownes, →OCLC:

     Foul spirits haunt my resting place.

   • 1713, Jonathan Swift, Imitation of Horace, Book I. Ep. VII:

     those cares that haunt the court and town

2. (transitive) To make uneasy, restless.

   The memory of his past failures haunted him.

   • 1954, J.R.R. Tolkien, The Fellowship of the Ring:

     The murder of Déagol haunted Gollum, and he had made up a defence.

3. (transitive) To stalk; to follow.

   The policeman haunted him, following him everywhere.

   • 2014 September 23, Elle King, Dave Bassett, “Ex's & Oh's”, in Love Stuff‎, performed by Elle King:

     Ex's and the oh-oh-oh's, they haunt me / Like ghosts, they want me / To make 'em a-a-all / They won't let go / Ex's and oh's

4. (intransitive, now rare) To live habitually; to stay, to remain.
   • 1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, John xj:[54], folio cxxxviij, verso:

     Ieſus therfore walked no more openly amõge the iewes : butt went his waye thence vnto a countre ny to a wildernes into a cite called effraym / and there haunted with his diſciples.

   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Canto X”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 40, page 554:

     […] That yonder in that faithfull wilderneſſe / Huge monſters haunt,​and many dangers dwell; […]

5. (transitive, UK dialectal, Northern England, Scotland) To accustom; habituate; make accustomed to.
   • c. 1382–1395, John Wycliffe [et al.], edited by Josiah Forshall and Frederic Madden, The Holy Bible, […], volume I (in Middle English), Oxford: At the University Press, published 1850, →OCLC, I. Timothy 4:7, columns 1, 2:

     […] haunte thi silf to pite [or pitee].

     […] haunt thyself to piety.

6. (transitive, UK dialectal, Northern England, Scotland) To practise; to devote oneself to.
   • a. 1569 (date written), Roger Ascham, edited by Margaret Ascham, The Scholemaster: Or Plaine and Perfite Way of Teaching Children, to Vnderstand, Write, and Speake, the Latin Tong, […], London: […] John Daye, […], published 1570, →OCLC:

     Leave honest pleasure, and haunt no good pastime.

7. (intransitive) To persist in staying or visiting.
   • c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Othello, the Moore of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i], page 311, column 1:

     I haue charg’d thee not to haunt about my doores: […]

同意語

• (to make uneasy): nag
• (to live habitually): live, dwell; See also Thesaurus:reside

派生語

名詞

haunt (plural haunts)

1. A place at which one is regularly found; a habitation or hangout.

   Synonym: repair

   The shopping mall is a popular haunt of the local teenagers in this town.

   I went back the town I used to live and visited all my old haunts.

   • 1819, Washington Irving, The Sketch Book, Rip Van Winkle:

     It is a great rock or cliff on the loneliest part of the mountains, and, … is known by the name of the Garden Rock. Near the foot of it is a small lake, the haunt of the solitary bittern, with water-snakes basking in the sun on the leaves of the pond-lilies which lie on the surface.

   • 1868, Louisa May Alcott, Kitty's Class Day:

     Both Jack and Fletcher had graduated the year before, but still took an interest in their old haunts, and patronized the fellows who were not yet through.

   • 1984 October 8, Timothy Loughran, Natalie Angier, “Science: Striking It Rich in Wyoming”, in Time:

     Wyoming has been a favorite haunt of paleontologists for the past century ever since westering pioneers reported that many vertebrate fossils were almost lying on the ground.

   • 2018, Michael Coogan, Marc Brettler, Carol Newsom, The New Oxford Annotated Bible with Apocrypha:

     It shall be the haunt of jackals, an abode for ostriches.

2. (dialect) A ghost.

   Synonym: haint

3. A lair or feeding place of animals.
   • 1769, Firishta, translated by Alexander Dow, Tales translated from the Persian of Inatulla of Delhi, volume I, Dublin: P. and W. Wilson et al., page iv:

     The lofty mountains roſe faint to the ſight and loſt their foreheads in the diſtant ſkies: the little hills, cloathed in darker green and ſkirted with embroidered vales, diſcovered the ſecret haunts of kids and bounding roes.

派生語

• home haunt

Further reading

• “haunt”, in Collins English Dictionary.
• John A. Simpson and Edmund S. C. Weiner, editors (1989), “haunt”, in The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN.

アナグラム

• Utahn, unhat