harbingerとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Originally, a person sent in advance to arrange lodgings. From 中期英語 herberjour, herbergeour, from Old French herbergeor (French hébergeur), from herbergier (“to set up camp; to shelter; to take shelter”) + -or (suffix forming agent nouns), from Old High German heribergan, ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *harjabergu (“army camp, shelter”). Compare German Herberge, Italian albergo, Dutch herberg, English harbor. More at here, borrow.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈhɑːbɪndʒə/
• (米国発音) enPR: härʹbĭnjər, IPA: /ˈhɑɹ.bɪn.d͡ʒəɹ/
• ハイフネーション: har‧bin‧ger

名詞

harbinger (plural harbingers)

1. A person or thing that foreshadows or foretells the coming of someone or something.

   Synonyms: forewarning, herald, omen, premonition, sign, signal, prophet, precursor

   harbinger of danger; harbinger of doom; harbinger of spring

   • c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene vi], page 150, column 2:

     Make all our Trumpets ſpeak, giue thẽ all breath / Thoſe clamorous Harbingers of Blood, & Death

   • 1828, Walter Savage Landor, Imaginary Conversations, Lord Brooke and Sir Philip Sidney:

     I knew by these harbingers who were coming.

   • 2021 March 26, Alexis Soloski, “‘Kid 90’ and the Days When Even Wild TV Teens Had Privacy”, in The New York Times‎, →ISSN, archived from the original on 28 March 2021:

     It’s to realize that Moon Frye, by cheerfully surveilling her own life, and those first Real Worlders, by agreeing to the constant presence of producers and cameras, were the harbingers of today’s culture, in which self-image is shaped in the expectation of a lens and personhood collates with brand identity.

   • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:harbinger.
2. (obsolete) One who provides lodgings; especially, the officer of the English royal household who formerly preceded the court when travelling, to provide and prepare lodgings.
   • 1644, Thomas Fuller, "Truth Maintained" (a sermon)

     outward decency […] is the Harbinger to provide the lodging for inward holinesse

派生語

動詞

harbinger (third-person singular simple present harbingers, present participle harbingering, simple past and past participle harbingered)

1. (transitive) To announce or precede; to be a harbinger of.

   Synonym: herald

   • 1841, William Harrison Ainsworth, chapter VIII, in Old Saint Paul's, published 1903, page 94:

     It was harbingered also by the terrible comet of January, which appeared in a cadent and obscure house, denoting sickness and death; […]

関連する語

• harbinge

参考

Further reading

• Harbinger in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)
• “harbinger”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.