gybeとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

Probably from Dutch gijben (廃れた用法), gijpen; cognate with Danish gibbe, German gieben, giepen, Swedish gipa, gippa.^[1]

The noun is derived from the verb; compare Dutch gijb (廃れた用法), gijp (“act of gybing; a boom”).^[2]

動詞

gybe (三人称単数 現在形 gybes, 現在分詞 gybing, 過去形および過去分詞形 gybed)

1. (transitive, nautical) To shift a fore-and-aft sail from one side of a sailing vessel to the other, while sailing before the wind.
2. (intransitive, nautical) Of a fore-and-aft sail or its boom: to shift, often forcefully and suddenly, from one side of a sailing vessel to the other.
   • 1719 April 25​, [Daniel Defoe], The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, […], 3rd edition, London: […] W[illiam] Taylor […], published 1719, OCLC 838630407, page 271:

     […] I had my Man Friday to teach as to what belong'd to the Navigation of my Boat; for though he knew very well how to paddle a Canoe, he knew nothing what belong'd to a Sail and a Rudder, and was the moſt amaz'd when he ſaw me work the Boat too and again in the Sea by the Rudder, and how the Sail gyb'd, and fill'd this Way or that Way, as the Courſe we ſail'd chang'd: […]

3. (intransitive, nautical) Generally of a small sailing vessel: to change tack with the wind crossing behind the vessel.
4. (by extension, obsolete) Often as gybe at: to balk, hesitate, or vacillate when faced with a course of action, plan, or proposal.

使用する際の注意点

Sense 3 (“to change tack”) is generally used of boats and other small sailing craft; the corresponding manoeuvre in a sailing ship is wear.

名詞

gybe (複数形 gybes)

1. (nautical) The act of gybing.
   1. A sudden shift of a sail's angle, or a sudden change in the direction that a vessel is sailing in.
   2. A manoeuvre in which the stern of a sailing vessel crosses the wind, typically resulting in the forceful and sudden sweep of the boom from one side of the vessel to the other.
      • 2014, Tim Davison, “Symmetric Spinnakers”, in Skipper’s Cockpit Racing Guide: For Dinghies, Keelboats and Yachts, London: Adlard Coles Nautical, →ISBN, page 24:

        The key to a good gybe is to bring the spinnaker round to the old weather side before you begin, and then to steer to keep some wind in the kite.

2. (by extension) A sudden change in approach or direction; vacillation.

別の表記

• gibe
• jibe (now 主に米国用法)

語源 2

See jibe.

名詞

gybe (複数形 gybes)

1. Alternative spelling of jibe (“taunt”)

動詞

gybe (三人称単数 現在形 gybes, 現在分詞 gybing, 過去形および過去分詞形 gybed)

1. Alternative spelling of jibe (“taunt”)

参照