graveとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• enPR: grāv, IPA: /ɡɹeɪv/
  • 韻: -eɪv
• (accent, also): IPA: /ɡɹɑːv/
  • 韻: -ɑːv

語源 1

From 中期英語 grave, grafe, from 古期英語 græf, grafu (“cave, grave, trench”), from Proto-West Germanic *grab, from Proto-Germanic *grabą, *grabō (“grave, trench, ditch”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrebʰ- (“to dig, scratch, scrape”). Cognate with West Frisian grêf (“grave”), Dutch graf (“grave”), Low German Graf (“a grave”), Graff, German Grab (“grave”), Danish, Swedish and Norwegian grav (“grave”), Icelandic gröf (“grave”). Related to groove.

名詞

grave (countable and uncountable, plural graves)

1. (strictly) An excavation in the earth as a place of burial.

   Synonyms: plot, lot; see also Thesaurus:grave

   Coordinate terms: burial chamber, sepulchre, vault

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, John 11:17:

     He had lain in the grave four days.

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Psalms 31:17:

     Let mee not be ashamed, O Lord, for I haue called vpon thee: let the wicked be ashamed, and let them be silent in the graue.

   • 1856, Gustave Flaubert, translated by Eleanor Marx-Aveling, Madame Bovary, Part III, Chapter X:

     They reached the cemetery. The men went right down to a place in the grass where a grave was dug. They ranged themselves all round; and while the priest spoke, the red soil thrown up at the sides kept noiselessly slipping down at the corners.

2. (loosely) Any place of interment.

   Hyponyms: burial chamber, sepulchre, vault

3. (very loosely) Any place containing one or more corpses.
4. (uncountable, by extension) Death, destruction.
   • a. 1769, unknown, The Cuckoo‎, archived from the original on 26 September 2019, lines 9–12:

     […] Meeting is pleasure, parting is a grief; / An inconstant lover is worse than a thief; / A thief can but rob you, and take all you have, / An inconstant lover will bring you to the grave! […]

   • 1973, “Breathe”, in Roger Waters (lyrics), David Gilmour and Richard Wright (music), The Dark Side of the Moon, performed by Pink Floyd:

     […] balanced on the biggest wave you race towards an early grave.

5. (by extension, uncountable) Deceased people; the dead.
   • 1925 July – 1926 May, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “(please specify the chapter number)”, in The Land of Mist (eBook no. 0601351h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg Australia, published April 2019:

     "Hold your jaw, woman! I've had enough to vex me to-day without you startin' your tantrums. You're jealous of the grave. That's wot's the matter with you." "And her brats can insult me as they like - me that 'as cared for you these five years."

同意語

派生語

関連する語

• groove

派生した語

• Sranan Tongo: grebi
  • Aukan: geebi

参考

• grave (burial) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

語源 2

From 中期英語 graven, from 古期英語 grafan (“to dig, dig up, grave, engrave, carve, chisel”), from Proto-Germanic *grabaną (“to dig”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrebʰ- (“to dig, scratch, scrape”). Cognate with Dutch graven (“to dig”), German graben (“to dig”), Danish grave (“to dig”), Swedish gräva (“to dig”), Icelandic grafa (“to dig”).

動詞

grave (third-person singular simple present graves, present participle graving, simple past graved, past participle graved or graven)

1. (transitive, obsolete) To dig.
   • 1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, vij:[16]:

     He hath graven and digged up a pit.

2. (intransitive, obsolete) To carve or cut, as letters or figures, on some hard substance; to engrave.
   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Exodus 28:9:

     Thou shalt take two onyx stones, and grave on them the names of the children of Israel.

   • 1872, James De Mille, The Cryptogram‎, HTML edition, The Gutenberg Project, published 2009:

     Deep lines were graven on her pale forehead, and on her wan, thin cheeks.

   • a. 1894, Robert Louis Stevenson, "Requiem"

     This be the verse you grave for me / "Here he lies where he longs to be"

   • 1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:

     'It may be so,' I answered; 'but if the loved one prove a broken reed to pierce us, or if the love be loved in vain - what then? Shall a man grave his sorrows upon a stone when he hath but need to write them on the water?'

3. (transitive, obsolete) To carve out or give shape to, by cutting with a chisel; to sculpture.

   to grave an image

4. (intransitive, obsolete) To impress deeply (on the mind); to fix indelibly.
   • 1718, Mat[thew] Prior, “Solomon on the Vanity of the World. A Poem in Three Books.”, in Poems on Several Occasions, London: […] Jacob Tonson […], and John Barber […], →OCLC, (please specify the page):

     O! may they graven in thy heart remain.

5. (transitive, obsolete) To entomb; to bury.
   • 1595 December 9 (first known performance), William Shakespeare, “The Life and Death of King Richard the Second”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:

     […] And lie full low, graved in the hollow ground.

6. (intransitive, obsolete) To write or delineate on hard substances, by means of incised lines; to practice engraving.

関連する語

• begrave
• engrave
• engraven

語源 3

From Middle French grave, a learned borrowing from Latin gravis (“heavy, important”). Compare Old French greve (“terrible, dreadful”). Doublet of grief.

形容詞

grave (comparative graver, superlative gravest)

1. Characterised by a dignified sense of seriousness; not cheerful. [from 16th c.]

   Synonyms: austere, solemn, sombre; see also Thesaurus:serious

   • c. 1591–1595 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Romeo and Ivliet”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:

     [Mercuti] Ask for me tomorrow, and you shall find me a grave man.

2. Low in pitch, tone etc. [from 17th c.]

   Antonyms: acute, deep, flat, low-pitched

   • 1854, John Weeks Moore, Encyclopedia of Music:

     The thicker the cord or string, the more grave is the note or tone.

3. Serious, in a negative sense; important, formidable. [from 19th c.]

   Synonyms: serious, momentous, important; see also Thesaurus:important

   • 2016 February 6, James Zogby, “Israel’s prickliness blocks the long quest for peace”, in The National‎:

     Israel’s behaviour is doing grave damage to the Palestinian people and to any hope for peace.

   • 2017, Vladimir Shlapentokh, A Normal Totalitarian Society, page 80:

     Khrushchev made a grave miscalculation when he failed to appreciate the growing opposition to his power and overestimated the support of his bureaucracy.

4. (phonology, dated, of a sound) Dull, produced in the middle or back of the mouth. (See Grave and acute on Wikipedia.Wikipedia )

   Coordinate term: acute

5. (obsolete) Influential, important; authoritative. [16th–18th c.]

   Synonyms: magisterial, masterful, oracular, sterling

   • 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition II, section 3, member 7:

     An illiterate fool sits in a mans seat; and the common people hold him learned, grave, and wise.

派生語

名詞

grave (plural graves)

1. A grave accent, the diacritic mark `.

語源 4

Inherited from 中期英語 greyve. Doublet of graaf (borrowed from the Dutch cognate graaf (“count, earl”)) and graf (borrowed from the German cognate Graf (“count, earl”)).

名詞

grave (plural graves)

1. (historical) A count, prefect, or person holding office.

関連する語

• burgrave
• landgrave
• margrave
• palsgrave
• waldgrave

語源 5

動詞

grave (third-person singular simple present graves, present participle graving, simple past and past participle graved)

1. (transitive, obsolete, nautical) To clean, as a vessel's bottom, of barnacles, grass, etc., and pay it over with pitch — so called because graves or greaves were formerly used for this purpose.

関連する語

• graving dock

語源 6

名詞

grave (plural graves)

1. (obsolete) A kilogram.
   • 1899, John Sturgeon Mackay, Arithmetic Theoretical and Practical, page 117:

     At the origin of the metric system the new unit of weight was called the grave, and was equivalent to the kilogram. The denomination grave would in some respects have been preferable to kilogram.

アナグラム

• Gaver

別の表記

• graf, grafe, graffe, grawe

発音

• IPA: /ˈɡraːv(ə)/, /ˈɡrav(ə)/, /ˈɡraf/

名詞

grave (plural graves)

1. grave, burial
2. tomb, mausoleum

派生語

• graven
• graveston

派生した語

• English: grave
• Scots: grave, grawe, graive, graiwe, greawe

参照

• “grāve, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 9 April 2018.

語源 2

名詞

grave

1. alternative form of gravey

語源 3

名詞

grave

1. (Late Middle English) alternative form of greyve

語源 4

名詞

grave

1. (Early Middle English) alternative form of grove

語源 5

動詞

grave

1. alternative form of graven

参照

• "grave", in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "grave", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• "grave", in The Perseus Project (1999), Perseus Encyclopedia‎