furcaとは意味・読み方・使い方

出典:『Wiktionary』 (2025/01/31 22:36 UTC 版)

語源

In its primary sense of "fork", furca appears to be derived from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰerk(ʷ)-, *ǵʰerg(ʷ)- (“fork”), although the development of the -c- is difficult to explain. In the other senses, this derivation is unlikely. For those, perhaps it is connected to Proto-Germanic *furkaz, *firkalaz (“stake, stick, pole, post”), from Proto-Indo-European *perg- (“pole, post”). If so, this would relate the word to 古期英語 forclas pl (“bolt”), Old Saxon ferkal (“lock, bolt, bar”), Old Norse forkr (“pole, staff, stick”), Norwegian fork (“stick, bat”), Swedish fork (“pole”).

Compare also Lithuanian žer̃gti (“to spread the legs”), žìrklės (“scissors”), though the mismatch of the vowels between the Lithuanian and Latin forms is hard to explain.

発音

(Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈfur.ka/, [ˈfʊrkä]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈfur.ka/, [ˈfurkä]

名詞

furca f (genitive furcae); first declension

A two-pronged fork, pitchfork.
A fork-shaped prop, pole or stake.
An instrument of punishment, a frame in the form of a fork, which was placed on a culprit's neck, while his hands were fastened to the two ends; yoke.

語形変化

First-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	furca	furcae
genitive	furcae	furcārum
dative	furcae	furcīs
accusative	furcam	furcās
ablative	furcā	furcīs
vocative	furca	furcae

派生語

bifurcus
furcifer
furcilla
furcōsus
furcula
quadrifurcus
trifurcus

派生した語

Aromanian: furcã
Catalan: forca
Dalmatian: fuarca
Friulian: forcje
Italian: forca
Old French: furche, forche
- French: fourche
  - fourché
    - → English: fourche, fourchee
- Walloon: fotche
- Old Northern French: forque
  - Norman: frouque
Old Leonese:
- Asturian: forca
Neapolitan: forca
Occitan: forca
Old Galician-Portuguese:
- Galician: forca, furco
- Portuguese: forca, furca
Romanian: furcă
Old Spanish: forca
- Spanish: horca
  - → Cebuano: horka
Romansch: furtga, fuortga, fuorcha
Sardinian: frúca, furca
Sicilian: furca
Venetan: forca
→ Albanian: furkë
→ Proto-Brythonic: *forx
- Breton: forc'h
- Cornish: forgh
- Welsh: fforch
→ Proto-West Germanic: *furkō (see there for further descendants)
→ Old Irish: forc
- Irish: forc
- Scottish Gaelic: forc, forca

参考

fuscina

参照

“furca”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“furca”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
"furca", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
furca in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
“furca”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper 's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
“furca”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “furca”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 251-2

[1] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “furca”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 251-2


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furcaとは意味・読み方・使い方

JST科学技術用語日英対訳辞書での「furca」の意味

furca

日英・英日専門用語辞書での「furca」の意味

furca

Wiktionary英語版での「furca」の意味

furca

語源

発音

名詞

語形変化

派生語

関連する語

派生した語

参考

参照

「furca」のお隣キーワード

furcaとは 意味・読み方・使い方

JST科学技術用語日英対訳辞書での「furca」の意味

furca

日英・英日専門用語辞書での「furca」の意味

furca

Wiktionary英語版での「furca」の意味

furca

語源

発音

名詞

語形変化

派生語

関連する語

派生した語

参考

参照

「furca」のお隣キーワード

furcaとは意味・読み方・使い方