funkとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• enPR: fŭngk
• (Received Pronunciation, General American, Canada) IPA: /fʌŋk/
• (General Australian, New Zealand) IPA: /fɐŋk/, /faŋk/
• (India) IPA: /fəŋk/
• 韻: -ʌŋk
• ハイフネーション: funk

語源 1

1620, from French dialectal (Norman) funquer, funquier (“to smoke, reek”), from Old Northern French fungier (“to smoke”), from Vulgar Latin fūmicāre, alteration of Latin fūmigāre (“to smoke, fumigate”). Related to French dialect funkière (“smoke”). More at fumigate.

名詞

funk (countable and uncountable, plural funks)

1. (countable) Foul or unpleasant smell, especially body odor.
   • 1982, “Thriller”, in Rod Temperton (lyrics), Quincy Jones (music), Thriller, performed by Michael Jackson (featuring Vincent Price), Epic Records:

     The foulest stench is in the air; the funk of 40,000 years and grizzly ghouls from every tomb are closing in to seal your doom.

2. (uncountable, music) A style of music derived from 1960s soul music, with elements of rock and other styles, characterized by a prominent bass guitar, dance-friendly sound, a strong emphasis on the downbeat, and much syncopation.

派生語

動詞

funk (third-person singular simple present funks, present participle funking, simple past and past participle funked)

1. (intransitive) To emit an offensive smell; to stink.
2. (transitive) To envelop with an offensive smell or smoke.
   • c. 1709, William King, The Furmentary:

     He funks Basketia and her son to death

   • 2012, M. C. Beaton, Diana the Huntress:

     Funking a cobbler – that is, blowing smoke into his stall; smoking cigars at divans and club houses; […]

3. (intransitive) To perform funk music.
   • 1989 December 17, Christopher Wittke, “On The Edge In The '80s”, in Gay Community News, volume 17, number 23, page 9:

     From the earliest part of this decade when he funked in relative obscurity to his days as a superstar with the release of his Batman soundtrack last summer, I could almost always count on Prince.

4. (euphemistic, slang) Fuck (the taboo swear word).

   Funk this!

   • 2017, Bootsy Collins, “Snow Bunny”, in World Wide Funk:

     Snow bunny, I pledge to funk you baby / You sexy lady, my only temptation […] Oh, I just want to funk you

   • 2023 November 25, Matt Wake, “Five meals under $10 that I love from local Huntsville restaurants (and you will, too!)”, in The Huntsville Times, Huntsville, Ala., →ISSN, →OCLC:

     Look, glittery tacos have their place. A date, business lunch, night out with besties, etc. But otherwise, paying almost 20 bucks for pizzazz between a few tortillas in Huntsville, funk that.

同意語

• eff, f-bomb;

派生語

• funk up
• funk you

語源 2

From 中期英語 funke, fonke (“spark”), from 古期英語 *funca (“spark”), from Proto-Germanic *funkô (“spark”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)peng- (“to shine”). Cognate with Middle Low German funke, fanke (“spark”), Middle Dutch vonke (“spark”), Old High German funcho, funko (“spark”), German Funke (“spark”). See also spunk.

別の表記

• vaunk

名詞

funk (plural funks)

1. (obsolete) Touchwood, punk, tinder.

派生語

• spunk (possibly)

語源 3

1743, Scottish and Northern English dialectal word, originally a verb meaning “to panic, fail due to panic”. Perhaps from or cognate with obsolete Dutch fonck (“distress, agitation”), from Middle Dutch fonck (“perturbation, agitation”). More at flunk.

名詞

funk (countable and uncountable, plural funks)

1. (countable) Mental depression.

   I've been in a funk lately, I fell into a funk, I slipped into a funk, I was stuck in a funk

   it helped me get out of a funk

2. (uncountable) A state of fear or panic, especially cowardly.
   • 1899 March, Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CLXV, number MI, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, part II:

     [The helmsman] steered with no end of a swagger while you were by; but if he lost sight of you, he became instantly the prey of an abject funk […]

   • 1922 February, James Joyce, “[Episode 1: Telemachus]”, in Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC, part I [Telemachia], page 4:

     —A woful lunatic, Mulligan said. Were you in a funk?

   • 1925 May 14, Virginia Woolf, Mrs. Dalloway, London: Leonard and Virginia Woolf at The Hogarth Press, →OCLC:

     Holmes was coming upstairs. Holmes would burst open the door. Holmes would say, “In a funk, eh?” Holmes would get him.

   • 1944 (written, first published in 2015), Bob Cooney, Proud Journey

     As I left the platform, the atmosphere was tense but there was no sign of uneasiness or funk […]

3. (countable) One who fears or panics; a coward.
   • 1875, The Art of Swimming in the Eton Style, The Art of Swimming in the Eton Style:

     It is the long probation in the old way of teaching that fellows funk at or makes funks of them and their slow pace, almost up to the end of that probation, all who teach themselves are in a worse predicament as the hands with them are made the principle propellors instead of the feet.

派生語

• funkhole

動詞

funk (third-person singular simple present funks, present participle funking, simple past and past participle funked)

1. (ambitransitive) To shrink from, or avoid something because of fear.
   • 1857, Charles Kingsley, “(please specify the page)”, in Two Years Ago, volume (please specify |volume=I to III), Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Macmillan and Co., →OCLC:

     He'll have funked it, when he comes to the edge, and sees nothing but mist below

   • 1875, The Art of Swimming in the Eton Style, The Art of Swimming in the Eton Style:

     It is the long probation in the old way of teaching that fellows funk at or makes funks of them and their slow pace, almost up to the end of that probation, all who teach themselves are in a worse predicament as the hands with them are made the principle propellors instead of the feet.

   • 1938, Norman Lindsay, Age of Consent, 1st Australian edition, Sydney, N.S.W.: Ure Smith, published 1962, →OCLC, page 56:

     "Always wanted a go at the figure. Funked it. Shows what a man can do, given the right model. Dam' good model."

2. (transitive) To frighten; to cause to flinch.

派生語

• funker