fulminateとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈfʌlmɪneɪt/, /ˈfʊlmɪneɪt/
• (General American) IPA: /ˈfʌlmɪneɪt/, /ˈfʊlmɪneɪt/, /-əneɪt/

語源 1

Inherited from 中期英語 fulminaten, borrowed from Latin fulminātus, perfect passive participle of fulminō (“to lighten, hurl or strike with lightning”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from fulmen (“lightning which strikes and sets on fire, thunderbolt”), from earlier *fulgmen, *fulgimen, from fulgeō, fulgō (“flash, lighten”). Doublet of fulmine. More at fulgent.

動詞

fulminate (third-person singular simple present fulminates, present participle fulminating, simple past and past participle fulminated)

1. (intransitive, figuratively) To make a verbal attack.
   • 1855, William Neilson, Mesmerism in its relation to health and disease, page 46:

     In short, the criticism which the great lexicographer fulminated against an unfortunate author, seems to have been adopted by the profession as applicable to everything under the sun […]

   • 2017 February 15, Peter Beinart, “American Institutions Are Fighting Back Against Trump”, in The Atlantic‎:

     To be sure, Trump has fulminated on Twitter against the judges who rebuffed him. But his tirades have earned him a reprimand––if a brief, vague one––from his own Supreme Court nominee.

2. (transitive, figuratively) To issue as a denunciation.
   • 1842, Thomas De Quincey, “Cicero”, in Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine:

     They fulminated the most hostile of all decrees.

   • 2007 January 21, David Brooks, “Mr. Chips Goes to Congress”, in The New York Times‎, →ISSN:

     While they were the opposition, Democrats fulminated that the Republicans were so deep in the pockets of Big Pharma that they wouldn’t even let the government negotiate lower drug prices.

3. (intransitive) To thunder or make a loud noise.
4. (transitive, now rare) To strike with lightning; to cause to explode.
   • 2009, Thomas Pynchon, Inherent Vice, Vintage, published 2010, page 235:

     the present owners couldn't afford the electric bills anymore, several amateur gaffers, sad to say, having already been fulminated trying to bootleg power in off the municipal lines.

5. (Can we verify this sense?) (figurative) to act as lightning, appearing quickly and destructively

同意語

• (verbal attack): berate, condemn, criticize, denounce, denunciate, vilify

派生語

関連する語

• fulminant

語源 2

From fulminic acid +‎ -ate (“salt or ester”).

名詞

fulminate (plural fulminates)

1. (chemistry) Any salt or ester of fulminic acid, mostly explosive.
   • 1977, Alistair Horne, A Savage War of Peace, New York: Review Books, published 2006, page 193:

     On 19 February a jubilant Bigeard announced that his 3rd R.P.C. had seized eighty-seven bombs, seventy kilos of explosive, 5,120 fulminate of mercury detonators, 309 electric detonators, etc.

派生語

• fulminuric

関連する語