existentialとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (英国発音, 米国発音, Canada) IPA: /ˌɛɡ.zɪˈstɛn.ʃəl/, /ˌɛk.sɪˈstɛn.ʃəl/
• 韻: -ɛnʃəl

形容詞

existential (comparative more existential, superlative most existential)

1. Of or relating to existence.
2. Concerning the very existence of something, especially with regard to extinction.

   existential risk

   • 2013, J. E. Sieber; H. F. O'Neil, Jr.; S. Tobias, Anxiety, Learning, and Instruction‎, Routledge, →ISBN:

     Jaspers' main concern has been with existential dread, which he regards not as a symptom of mental illness, but as a result of rejecting religious faith. He proposes that man's only way out of existential dread is through a “leap into faith” which reconciles man with himself and with God, and provides an experience of the absolute which transcends mere sense experience.

   • 2015, James Eaton et al., “Trade-driven extinctions and near-extinctions of avian taxa in Sundaic Indonesia”, in Forktail, page 2, column 2:

     Here, therefore, we seek to assemble and assess the evidence to provide an overview of how serious trade is as an existential threat to avian taxa in Sundaic Indonesia.

   • 2021 December 13, Molly Ball, Jeffrey Kluger, Alejandro de la Garza, “Elon Musk: Person of the Year 2021”, in Time‎, archived from the original on 13 December 2021:

     To Musk, his vast fortune is a mere side effect of his ability not just to see but to do things others cannot, in arenas where the stakes are existential.

3. Based on experience; empirical.
   • 1902, William James, “Lecture I”, in The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature […] , New York, N.Y.; London: Longmans, Green, and Co. […], →OCLC, page 4:

     In recent books on logic, distinction is made between two orders of inquiry concerning anything. First, what is the nature of it? how did it come about? what is its constitution, origin, and history? And second, What is its importance, meaning, or significance, now that it is once here? The answer to the one question is given in an existential judgment or proposition. The answer to the other is a proposition of value, what the Germans call a Werthurtheil […]

4. (philosophy) Of or relating to existentialism.
   • 1997, Thomas Hanna, “Albert Camus: Man in Revolt”, in William Leon McBride, editor, Sartre's French Contemporaries and Enduring Influences (Sarte and Existentialism), Garland, →ISBN, page 356:

     Some existential thinkers are concerned with artistic expression only indirectly, that is, they are passionately interested critics and analysts of art works.

5. (linguistics) Relating to part of a clause that indicates existence, e.g. "there is".

反意語

• non-phenomenal
• noumenal
• non-metaphysical

派生語

関連する語

名詞

existential (plural existentials)

1. (linguistics) Ellipsis of existential clause.
   • 2014, Silvia Luraghi, Tuomas Huumo, Partitive Cases and Related Categories, Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG, →ISBN, page 153:

     We argue that existentials form a radial category, with a prototype and less canonical instances, where the prototype is clearly definable but the actual borderline between existentials and other clause types is fuzzy.

2. (programming) Ellipsis of existential type.

   Coordinate term: generic

参照

Further reading

• Raymond Williams (1983), “Existential”, in Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society, revised American edition, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, published 1985, →ISBN, page 123