eiusとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈei̯.i̯us/, [ˈɛi̯ːʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈe.jus/, [ˈɛːjus]
• The first syllable scans as heavy in Classical Latin verse. In accordance with this, some dictionaries and other linguistic resources mark the "E" in the first syllable with a length marker (ēius/ējus): however, there is no consensus that the vowel itself was long. Historically, some scholars have thought that the first syllable contained a long vowel /eː/ derived by monophthongization of an earlier diphthong [ei̯]. But the geminate consonant /jj/, which was regularly written with single "i" in Latin, would have rendered the preceding syllable heavy even if the vowel itself was short /e/. Compare peior and ieiūnus, and see the discussion of intervocalic -i- in Allen 1978:38-40. An alternative interpretation treats the first syllable as containing a diphthong /ei̯/; this is essentially equivalent to /ej/, as there is no contrast in Latin between vowel-consonant sequences ending in /j/ and diphthongs ending in i̯. (Cser 2016:31-37 discusses the question of the best phonemic analysis of so-called 'diphthongs' in Latin and concludes that it is preferable to analyze them all as vowel-consonant sequences such as /ej/.)
• An iambic pronunciation, /e.jus/ (with a light first syllable) may occur in Plautus.

代名詞

eius

1. genitive singular of is, ea, and id: his, of him, her, of her, its, of it; of this/of that
   • 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Daniel.1.2:

     Et tradidit Dominus in manu eius Ioachim regem Iudae.

     And the Lord gave Jehoiakim king of Judah into his hand.

派生した語

• Sardinian: eju

参考

• suus, sua, suum

参照

Further reading

• “eius”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• eius in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • nothing will ever make me forgetful of him: memoriam eius nulla umquam delebit (obscurabit) oblivio (Fam. 2. 1)
    
  • nothing will ever make me forgetful of him: semper memoria eius in (omnium) mentibus haerebit
    
  • no word escaped him: nullum verbum ex ore eius excidit (or simply ei)
    
  • he is in a suspicious mood: suspicio insidet in animo ejus
    

語源 1

By analogy with nomina gentilicia of Oscan or perhaps Etruscan origin, such as Pompeius (from 𐌐𐌖𐌌𐌐𐌄 (pumpe, “five”)), Tarpeius, Saufeius. Difficult to distinguish from Etymology 2. Gentilics ending in -eius may have originated from a Faliscan variant of this suffix, whereas -aius (as in Anaius, Popaius, Ulaius) may go back to Oscan, and -aeus (as in Annaeus) to Paelignian and Umbrian.

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈei̯.i̯us/, [ˈɛi̯ːʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈe.jus/, [ˈɛːjus]
• Note: although the syllable is heavy due to the regularly geminate intervocalic /j/, the vowel is thought to have been short on etymological grounds.

接尾辞

-eius (feminine -eia, neuter -eium); first/second-declension suffix

1. forms nomina gentilicia

   ‎Elatus → ‎Elateius

   ‎Proculus → ‎Proculeius

使用する際の注意点

• This suffix was also used to form humorous words such as sterteia (“one who snores”) from stertō (“snore”) by Petronius and sterceia (“a maidservant who cleans the excrement of children”) from stercus (“dung, manure”) by Tertullian.

語形変化

First/second-declension adjective.

The Masculine Singular Vocative is monosyllabic.

派生語

• -uleius

語源 2

Derived adjectives from nouns and names with an -ē stem with the suffix -ius (such as plēbēius (“of the common people”) from plēbēs (“the common people”), an archaic form of plēbs). Difficult to distinguish from Etymology 1.

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈeː.i̯us/, [ˈeːi̯ʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈe.jus/, [ˈɛːjus]
• Note: the vowel is thought to have been long on etymological grounds.

接尾辞

-ēius (feminine -ēia, neuter -ēium); first/second-declension suffix

1. forms adjectives from nouns and proper names

   ‎pāgus + ‎-ēius → ‎pāgēius

語形変化

First/second-declension adjective.

語源 3

From Ancient Greek adjectives in -ήϊος (-ḗïos), Epic form of Attic -εῖος (-eîos). Perhaps more properly considered a poetically variant scansion of the suffixes under Etymology 1 and 2, modelled on the corresponding situation in Greek.

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈeː.i.us/, [ˈeːiʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈe.i.us/, [ˈɛːius]
• Note: this suffix is trisyllabic.

接尾辞

-ēïus (feminine -ēïa, neuter -ēïum); first/second-declension suffix

1. (literary, poetic) Forms adjectives, chiefly from Ancient Greek nouns, but occasionally from native ones as well

   ‎Ancient Greek φῠ́λλος (phŭ́llos, “leaf”) → ‎Phyllēïus (corresponding to Φῠλλήϊος (Phŭllḗïos))

   ‎Ancient Greek Πρῐ́ᾱπος (Prĭ́āpos) → ‎Priāpēïus (corresponding to Πρῐᾱπήϊος (Prĭāpḗïos))

   ‎Tiberius → ‎Tiberēïus

語形変化

First/second-declension adjective.

参考

参照