dumとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Hindi दम (dam).

形容詞

dum (not comparable)

1. (India, cooking) cooked with steam

関連する語

• dumpoke

語源 2

間投詞

dum

1. Syllable used when humming a tune.
   • 2012, Graeme Burk, Robert Smith, Who is the Doctor:

     I like to hang out with friends and travel the world. But if there's one thing I really love, it's Doctor Who. Dum de dum, dum de dum, dum de dum. Whooo-eee-oooo dum de dum, de dum de dum.

語源 3

形容詞

dum

1. (nonstandard, humorous) Alternative spelling of dumb.

語源 4

形容詞

dum (not comparable)

1. Pronunciation spelling of damn.

参考

アナグラム

• DMU, MUD, UMD, mud

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈdũː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈdum]

接続詞

dum

1. (indicating coincidence of duration): (with indicative) while, whilst, as, meanwhile (as), (for) as long as, until

   Synonyms: interea, interim, quamdiū

   Dum vīxī tacuī, mortua dulcē canō. ― While I lived I was quiet; dead I sweetly sing.

   dum erunt hominēs ― as long as there are humans (as long as humankind exists)

   • c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgics III.284–285:

     fugit inreparabile tempus
     singula dum capti circumvectamur amore

     Irretrievable time flies away while, in thrall to love, we are carried about from one thing to another.

   • 16 BCE, Ovid, The Loves 1.11.15:

     Dum loquor, hōra fugit.

     While I speak, the hour flees away.

2. (indicating coincidence of duration): (before a verbal substantive) during

   Synonym: quamdiū

3. (indicating duration with expectancy): (with subjunctive) until, long enough for
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.325–326:

     “Quid moror? An mea Pygmaliōn dum moenia frāter
     dēstruat, aut captam dūcat Gaetūlus Iarbās?”

     “What am I waiting for? Until my brother Pygmalion busts down these walls? Or the Gaetulian, Iarbas, drags me away, enslaved?”

4. (indicating duration with contingency): (with subjunctive) as long as, (for) so long as, provided (that), on the condition that

   Synonym: dummodo

   Oderint, dum metuant. ― Let them hate, so long as they fear.

   • 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Tobit.2.4:

     tollensque illud portavit ad domum suam occulte ut dum sol occubuisset caute sepeliret eum

     And taking it up carried it privately to his house, that after the sun was down, he might bury him cautiously.

使用する際の注意点

Dum offers speakers of Latin the capacity to express duration with coincidence, expectancy, or contingency. Classical authors most often used dum in order to express coincidental duration, and so it was most often accompanied by verbs in the indicative mood; the adverb dummodo was generally used to express aspects of contingency.

派生語

副詞

dum (postpositive, often univerbized)

1. (temporal) yet, now, still

   etiam dum, haud dum, vixdum, nondum

2. (with imperatives, entreating or imperative) do/please (e.g., stay, drink, etc.); now!

   agedum, mānedum

3. (with imperatives, restrictive) only, solely, just

   circumspice dum ― just look around

4. (with interjections or adverbs) emphatic, expresses surprize, impatience, indefiniteness, etc; yet, now

   ehodum; quīdum, prīmumdum

派生語

派生した語

• → Asturian: dun (hapax, 1861 translation of the Gospel of Matthew)
• → Esperanto: dum

参照

Further reading

• “dum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “dum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “dum”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • I cannot wait till..: nihil mihi longius est or videtur quam dum or quam ut
    
  • as long as one's strength holds out: dum vires suppetunt
    
  • as long as I live: dum vita suppetit; dum (quoad) vivo
    
• dum in Ramminger, Johann (16 July 2016 (last accessed)), Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016