dulcisとは意味・読み方・使い方

出典:『Wiktionary』 (2025/10/09 18:18 UTC 版)

語源

From Proto-Italic *dulkwis (“sweet”), most likely akin to Ancient Greek γλυκύς (glukús, “sweet”), both traditionally derived from a tentative Proto-Indo-European *dl̥kús (“sweet”), although the fall of -u- in the Latin form would be left unexplained, and the Greek form is problematic as well. Given that Latin and Greek are linguistically quite distant while being very close geographically, it is likely the word does not go back to PIE as it may have been borrowed from a common unknown source, possibly related to lac (“milk”) (compare typologically Persian akin to (Tajik ширин (širin), шир (šir))).

発音

(Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈdʊɫ.kɪs]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈd̪ul̠ʲ.t͡ʃis]

形容詞

dulcis (neuter dulce, comparative dulcior, superlative dulcissimus, adverb dulce or dulciter); third-declension two-termination adjective

(of taste) sweet
- 234 BCE – 149 BCE, Cato the Elder, De Agri Cultura 157.1:
  
  omnia ad salutem temperat conmutatque sese semper cum calore arida simul et umida et dulcis et amara et acris
  
  It has all the virtues necessary for health, and constantly changes its nature along with the heat, being moist and dry, sweet, bitter, and acid.
sweet-smelling, sweet-scented, fragrant
- 8 CE – 12 CE, Ovid, Sorrows 5.13.22:
  
  cāna prius gelidō dēsint absinthia Pontō
  et careat dulcī Trīnacris Hybla thymō
  
  Sooner would pale wormwood be missing from icy Pontus or Sicilian Hybla lack its sweet-scented thyme
sweet-sounding, melodic, melodious, tuneful
- 46 BCE, Cicero, Brutus 57:
  
  dicit plorare etiam Demosthenes istum quem saepe dicat voce dulci et clara fuisse
  
  Demosthenes, however, says most upon this head, and often speaks of his accuser as having a sweet-sounding and clear pronunciation.
(figuratively) agreeable, delightful, pleasant, soft, sweet
- 23 BCE – 13 BCE, Horace, Odes 3.2.13:
  
  Dulce et decōrum est prō patriā morī.
  
  Sweet and fitting it is to die for one's fatherland.
- c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgics 1.342:
  
  tum pinguēs agnī et tum mollissima vīna
  tum somnī dulcēs dēnsaeque in montibus umbrae
  
  Then lambs are fat, and wines are mellowest then; then sleep is sweet, and dark the shadows fall upon the mountains.
- c. 15 BCE – c. 50 CE, Phaedrus, Fabulae 7.1:
  
  Quam dulcis sit lībertās breviter prōloquar.
  
  Let me declare briefly how sweet freedom is.
(figuratively, of persons) friendly, charming, kind, dear, pleasant, agreeable
- c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgics 4.465:
  
  tē, dulcis coniūnx, tē sōlō in lītore secum […]
  
  You, his dear wife, on the lone shore alone, […]

語形変化

Third-declension two-termination adjective.

	masc./fem.	neuter	masc./fem.	neuter
	singular		plural
nominative	dulcis	dulce	dulcēs	dulcia
genitive	dulcis		dulcium
dative	dulcī		dulcibus
accusative	dulcem	dulce	dulcēs dulcīs	dulcia
ablative	dulcī		dulcibus
vocative	dulcis	dulce	dulcēs	dulcia

同意語

(agreeable): acceptus, amoenus, grātus, iūcundus
(charming, friendly): venustus
(sweet): suāvis

反意語

(antonym (s) of “sweet”): amārus

派生語

dulcacidus
dūlcamārus
dulcēdō
dulcēscō
dulcia
dulciculus
dulcifer
dulcificō
dulciloquus
dulcimodus
dulcinervis
dulciolum
dulciōrelocus
dulcisonōrus
dulcisonus
dulcitās
dulciter
dulcitūdō
dulcō
dulcor
obdulcēscō

派生した語

Insular Romance:
- Sardinian: durche
Balkano-Romance:
- Aromanian: dultsi
- Istro-Romanian: duľțe
- Megleno-Romanian: dulți
- Romanian: dulce
Italo-Dalmatian:
- Dalmatian: dolc
- Italian: dolce, dorce (Tuscan)
- Neapolitan: doce
- Sicilian: duci, aruci
- Venetan: dólso, dolse
Rhaeto-Romance:
- Friulian: dolç
- Romansch: dultsch
Gallo-Italic:
- Ligurian: dôçe
- Lombard: dolz
- Piedmontese: doss
Gallo-Romance:
- Catalan: dolç
- Franco-Provençal: dox
- Occitan: doç
- Old French: douz (see there for further descendants)
Ibero-Romance:
- Aragonese: dulce, duze
- Asturian: dulce
- Mozarabic: دَلجِ (dalji)
- Old Galician-Portuguese: doce, doçe
  - Fala: doci
  - Galician: doce
  - Portuguese: doce (see there for further descendants)
- Old Spanish: duz, duce, dulce (latinized?)
  - Spanish: dulce
⇒ Vulgar Latin: *indulcīre (see there for further descendants)

Notes

^ The expected outcome would have been **dulquis, with the u-stem regularly extended into an i- one, as in brevis, tenuis, etc.

参照

^ Walde, Alois; Hofmann, Johann Baptist (1938), “dulcis”, in Lateinisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), 3rd edition, volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, page 379f.
^ Pokorny, Julius (1959), “dl̥ku- (?)”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 222
↑ Frisk, Hjalmar (1960), “γλυκύς”, in Griechisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, page 314f.
↑ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “?*dl̥kus ~ *glukus”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 560b
↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “γλυκύς”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 277f.
↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “dulcis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 182

dulcisとは意味・読み方・使い方

Wiktionary英語版での「dulcis」の意味

dulcis

語源

発音

形容詞

語形変化

同意語

反意語

派生語

関連する語

派生した語

Notes

参照

Further reading

「dulcis」を含む例文一覧

「dulcis」のお隣キーワード

dulcisとは 意味・読み方・使い方

Wiktionary英語版での「dulcis」の意味

dulcis

語源

発音

形容詞

語形変化

同意語

反意語

派生語

関連する語

派生した語

Notes

参照

Further reading

「dulcis」を含む例文一覧

「dulcis」のお隣キーワード

dulcisとは意味・読み方・使い方