docum entとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Borrowed from Middle French document, from Latin documentum.

発音

• (noun)
  • (Received Pronunciation) enPR: dŏ'kyo͝omənt, IPA: /ˈdɒkjʊmənt/
  • (米国発音) enPR: dä'kyo͝omənt, IPA: /ˈdɑkjʊmənt/
• (verb)
  • (Received Pronunciation) enPR: dŏ'kyo͝omĕnt, IPA: /ˈdɒkjʊmɛnt/
  • (米国発音) enPR: dä'kyo͝omĕnt, IPA: /ˈdɑkjʊmɛnt/

名詞

document (plural documents)

1. An original or official paper used as the basis, proof, or support of anything else, including any writing, book, or other instrument conveying information pertinent to such proof or support.
   • 1794, William Paley, View of the Evidences of Christianity:

     Saint Luke […] collected them from such documents and testimonies as he […] judged to be authentic.

2. Any material substance on which the information is represented by writing.
3. (computing) A file that contains text.
   • 2012, Julie A. Jacko, editor, Human Computer Interaction Handbook, 3rd edition, CRC Press, →ISBN, page 571:

     That exception is the HTML tag–which transcludes an image into the context of the document. The image itself is neither embedded within the document nor copied—it is transcluded.

4. (information science) An object conveying information by whatever means, capable of being indexed alongside other similar objects.
   • 2022 July 15, Alex Urban, “Mementos from digital worlds: Video game photography as documentation”, in Journal of Documentation, →DOI, →ISSN, Abstract:

     This study examines video game photography as a documentary practice. […] The three themes from this study's findings – that video game photographs act as (1) vehicles for storytelling, (2) creative trophies, and (3) aesthetic tokens – reveal how personally meaningful documents emerge from this medium.

5. (obsolete) That which is taught or authoritatively set forth; precept; instruction; dogma.
   • 1741, Isaac Watts, The Improvement of the Mind:

     And particularly they should take care that the memory of the learner be not too much crowded with a tumultuous heap or overbearing multitude of documents or ideas at one time.

6. (obsolete) An example for instruction or warning.
   • 1614, Sir Walter Raleigh, The Historie of the World:

     They were forthwith stoned to death, as a document to others.

下位語

• here document
• Web document

派生語

関連する語

動詞

document (third-person singular simple present documents, present participle documenting, simple past and past participle documented)

1. To record in documents.

   He documented each step of the process as he did it, which was good when the investigation occurred.

   • 2009 May 18, Henry Greenspan, “Of Memory and Israel”, in The New York Times‎, archived from the original on 26 November 2022:

     The relationship between memory as lived and history as documented is always a complex dialogue — each informing, and disinforming, the other.

   • 2012 December 24, Joshua Foer, “Utopian for Beginners”, in The New Yorker‎, archived from the original on 30 July 2018:

     “Natural languages are adequate, but that doesn’t mean they’re optimal,” John Quijada, a fifty-three-year-old former employee of the California State Department of Motor Vehicles, told me. In 2004, he published a monograph on the Internet that was titled “Ithkuil: A Philosophical Design for a Hypothetical Language.” Written like a linguistics textbook, the fourteen-page Web site ran to almost a hundred and sixty thousand words. It documented the grammar, syntax, and lexicon of a language that Quijada had spent three decades inventing in his spare time.

   • 2015, Louise J. Wilkinson, Women in Thirteenth-Century Lincolnshire, page 92:

     Significantly, on documenting Thomas's subsequent outlawry and Margery's waivery, the court clerk recorded that it was not known whether they had any chattels because they were strangers.

2. To furnish with documents or papers necessary to establish facts or give information.

   A ship should be documented according to the directions of law.

派生語

Further reading

• document on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• “document”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

アナグラム

• Democunt