dis-とは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From 中期英語 dis-, borrowed from Latin dis-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwís. Piecewise doublet of bis-; further related to bi-, di-, and twi-.

Often confused with the etymologically unrelated prefix dys-.

発音

• IPA: /dɪs/
• 韻: -ɪs
• 異形同音異義語: dis, diss, dys-

接頭辞

dis-

1. Not, the reverse of. (Especially forming words with a negative connotation)

   Synonyms: un-, non-, de-, in-, an-, a-

   ‎dis- + ‎agree → ‎disagree

   ‎dis- + ‎connect → ‎disconnect

   ‎dis- + ‎satisfied → ‎dissatisfied

   ‎dis- + ‎interested → ‎disinterested

   ‎dis- + ‎honour → ‎dishonour

2. Expressing separation or removal.

   ‎dis- + ‎card → ‎discard (“to throw out a card”)

   ‎dis- + ‎bar → ‎disbar (“to expel from the bar”)

   ‎dis- + ‎franchise → ‎disfranchise (“to remove one's franchise, to prevent from voting”)

3. Used as an intensifier.

   ‎dis- + ‎embowel → ‎disembowel

   ‎dis- + ‎annul → ‎disannul (“to annul”)

4. Alternative form of dys- (“incorrect”).

   ‎dis- + ‎function → ‎disfunction

使用する際の注意点

• When attached to a verbal root, prefixes often change the first vowel (whether initial or preceded by a consonant/consonant cluster) of that verb. These phonological changes took place in Latin and usually do not apply to words created (as in New Latin) from Latin components since Latin became a 'dead' language. Note: the combination of prefix and following vowel did not always yield the same change. Also, these changes in vowels are not necessarily particular to being prefixed with dis- (i.e. other prefixes sometimes cause the same vowel change- see con-, ex-).

派生語

参考

参考

• dys-

参照

• “dis-”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “dis-”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.

アナグラム

• IDs, SDI, sid, I-Ds, ISD, DSI, IDS, ids, sid', Sid, SID, I.D.s

語源

Borrowed from Old French des- and its source Latin dis-.

発音

• IPA: /dis-/, /dɛs-/

接頭辞

dis-

1. Forms words denoting reversal or removal; dis-, de-.

   Synonym: de-

2. Intensifies words with a negative connotation; dis-, de-.

   Synonym: de-

使用する際の注意点

• Sometimes used interchangeably with de-; see that entry for more.

派生語

派生した語

• English: dis- (obsolete des-)

参照

• “des-, pref.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
• “dis-, pref.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

語源

Seemingly a mix of Proto-Indo-European *dus- (“bad”), Proto-Indo-European *dwi- (“two”) (doublet of bi-) and Proto-Indo-European *dwís (“twice, in two”) (doublet of bis), from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁ (“two”). De Vaan proposes that either Proto-Indo-European *dus- (“bad”) was reformed to Proto-Italic *dis- by analogy with Proto-Indo-European *dwi- (“two”), or that *dwis- was changed to *dis- by dissimilation before roots starting with *w. Cognate with Ancient Greek δυσ- (dus-), Ancient Greek διά (diá), Ancient Greek δίς (dís), Sanskrit द्विस् (dvis).

接頭辞

dis-

1. asunder, apart, in two

   dīmittō ― dismiss, disband

   discēdō ― part, separate

2. reversal, removal

   dissimulō ― disguise, conceal

3. utterly, exceedingly

   differtus ― stuffed full

使用する際の注意点

• Before b, d, g, l, m, n, r, sc, sp, st and v, the prefix becomes dī-.
• Before f, the prefix becomes dif-.
• Before a consonantal i, the prefix may become dī- or remain as dis-.
• Before a vowel or h, the prefix becomes dir- in the two verbs diribeō and dirimō, which arose early enough to be subject to rhotacism, but from Classical Latin onwards, dis- is used (see, for example, dishiascō in Cato).

派生語

関連する語

• bis
• duo

派生した語

参照

Further reading

• “dis-”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press

発音

• IPA: /diː aɪ ɛs/

固有名詞

DIS

1. Initialism of Distributed Interactive Simulation.
2. (military, US) Initialism of Defense Investigative Service, now the Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency
3. (stock ticker symbol) Walt Disney Company.
4. Initialism of Draft International Standard (usage from ISO)

アナグラム

• IDs, SDI, sid, I-Ds, ISD, DSI, IDS, ids, sid', Sid, SID, I.D.s