diesとは 意味・読み方・使い方

動詞

dies

1. third-person singular simple present indicative of die

名詞

dies

1. plural of die (when used in the sense of a pattern / of obsolete spelling of dye)

アナグラム

• Edis, Desi, eids, deis, ESDI, DESI, Ides, IEDs, SEID, EIDs, -side, side, sied, IDEs, ides, Eids, Dise, desi, Side

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈdi.eːs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈdiː.es]

名詞

diēs m or f (genitive diēī); fifth declension

1. A day, particularly:
   1. A solar or sidereal day of about 24 hours, especially (historical) Roman dates reckoned from one midnight to the next.

      in dies ― day by day

      sub diem ― at daybreak

      ante diem III idus Ianuarias ― the third day before the January ides

      • 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Exodus.16.26:

        Sex diēbus colligite in diē autem septimō sabbatum est Dominō idcircō nōn inveniētur.

        Six days ye shall gather it; but on the seventh day, which is the Sabbath, in it there shall be none.

      • 1564, Elizabeth I of England, Queen Elizabeth's Latin Speech to the University, at the Conclusion of her Entertainment in St. Mary's Church 9:

        Haec tamen vulgaris sententia me aliquantulum recreavit, quae etsi non auferre, tamen minuere possit dolorem meum, quae quidem sententia haec est, Romam uno die non fuisse conditam.

        But this common saying has given me a certain amount of comfort – a saying which cannot take away, but can at least lessen, the grief that I feel; and the saying is, that Rome was not built in one day.

   2. Daytime: a period of light between sunrise and sunset.

      prima diei hora ― the first hour of the day

   3. (often in the feminine) A set day: a date, an appointment.

使用する際の注意点

• Dates in the Roman calendar were reckoned according to the calends (kalendae), the nones (nōnae), and the ides (īdūs). The calends of every month was its first day; the nones and ides of most months were their 5th and 13th days; and the nones and ides of the four original 31-day months—Mārtius, Maius, Quīntīlis or Iūlius, and Octōber—were two days later. January 1st was thus kalendae Iānuāriae or Iānuāriī. The day preceding any of these three principal days was called its eve (prīdiē). January 12th was thus prīdiē īdūs Iānuāriās or Iānuāriī (pr. Id. Ian.). All other days of the month were expressed by counting inclusively forward to the next of these three principal days and, in early Latin, this was expressed in the ablative. January 11th was thus diē tertiō ante īdūs Iānuāriās or Iānuāriī (III Id. Ian.). By the time of classical Latin, however, the ante had moved to the beginning of the expression and it became an accusative absolute: ante diem tertium īdūs Iānuāriās or Iānuāriī (a. d. III Id. Ian.). In this form, the date functioned as a single indeclinable noun and could serve as the object of prepositions such as ex and in.
• Unlike most fifth-declension nouns, diēs is not exclusively feminine. It was typically masculine, particularly in the plural. It appears as a feminine noun when being personified as a goddess, in some specific dates, in reference to the passing of time, and occasionally in other contexts.
• From the same number stem that attaches to -plex (“-fold”), but with a long i, and the form -duum, one can make a word meaning of period of x days: bīduum (“two days”), trīduum (“three days”), quadrīduum (“four days”), octīduum (“eight days”). Due to the practice of Roman numerals of counting days including the starting one, an octīduum can be interpreted to be a week.

語形変化

Fifth-declension noun, with locative.

Locative used in Old Latin constructions such as crāstinī diē (“tomorrow”, literally “on tomorrow's day”).

反意語

• (antonym(s) of “daytime”): nox

派生語

関連する語

派生した語

参照

• Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1911), “dies”, in Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), page 206
• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “dīes”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 3: D–F, page 71

Further reading

• “dies”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “dies”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "dies", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “dies”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • a day's journey: iter unius diei or simply diei
    
  • to give some one a few days for reflection: paucorum dierum spatium ad deliberandum dare
    
  • in our time; in our days: his temporibus, nostra (hac) aetate, nostra memoria, his (not nostris) diebus
    
  • year by year; day by day: singulis annis, diebus
    
  • the intercalary year (month, day): annus (mensis, dies) intercalaris
    
  • when it is growing dusk; towards evening: die, caelo vesperascente
    
  • the day is already far advanced: multus dies or multa lux est
    
  • while it is still night, day: de nocte, de die
    
  • the succession of day and night: vicissitudines dierum noctiumque
    
  • night and day: noctes diesque, noctes et dies, et dies et noctes, dies noctesque, diem noctemque
    
  • from day to day: in dies (singulos)
    
  • to live from day to day: in diem vivere
    
  • every other day: alternis diebus
    
  • four successive days: quattuor dies continui
    
  • one or two days: unus et alter dies
    
  • one, two, several days had passed, intervened: dies unus, alter, plures intercesserant
    
  • to adjourn, delay: diem proferre (Att. 13. 14)
    
  • on the day after, which was September 5th: postridie qui fuit dies Non. Sept. (Nonarum Septembrium) (Att. 4. 1. 5)
    
  • to-day the 5th of September; tomorrow September the 5th: hodie qui est dies Non. Sept.; cras qui dies futurus est Non. Sept.
    
  • yesterday, to-day, tomorrow: dies hesternus, hodiernus, crastinus
    
  • to appoint a date for an interview: diem dicere colloquio
    
  • at the appointed time: ad diem constitutam
    
  • to live to see the day when..: diem videre, cum...
    
  • time will assuage his grief: dies dolorem mitigabit
    
  • to depart this life: mortem (diem supremum) obire
    
  • on one's last day: supremo vitae die
    
  • to put off from one day to another: diem ex die ducere, differre
    
  • the date: dies (fem. in this sense)
    
  • immorality is daily gaining ground: mores in dies magis labuntur (also with ad, e.g. ad mollitiem)
    
  • to keep, celebrate a festival: diem festum agere (of an individual)
    
  • to keep, celebrate a festival: diem festum celebrare (of a larger number)
    
  • to decree a public thanksgiving for fifteen days: supplicationem quindecim dierum decernere (Phil. 14. 14. 37)
    
  • to pass the whole day in discussion: dicendi mora diem extrahere, eximere, tollere
    
  • to summon some one to appear on a given day; to accuse a person: diem dicere alicui
    
  • to fix a day for the engagement: diem pugnae constituere (B. G. 3. 24)
    
• “dies”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “dies”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
• Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
• dies in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2026), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication