diastoleとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Ancient Greek διαστολή (diastolḗ, “separation, drawing asunder”), from διά (diá, “apart”) + στέλλειν (stéllein, “send”).

発音

• IPA: /daɪˈæstəli/

名詞

diastole (usually uncountable, plural diastoles)

1. (chiefly uncountable, physiology) The phase or process of relaxation and dilation of the heart chambers, between contractions, during which they fill with blood; an instance of the process.
   • 1653, William Harvey, “The Causes which Mov’d the Author to Write”, in [anonymous], transl., The Anatomical Exercises of Dr. William Harvey […] Concerning the Motion of the Heart and Blood. […], London: […] Francis Leach, for Richard Lownes […], →OCLC, pages 1–2:

     […] I did almoſt beleeve, that the motion of the Heart vvas knovvn to God alone: For neither could I rightly diſtinguiſh, vvhich vvay the Diaſtole and Systole came to be, nor vvhen nor vvhere the dilation and conſtriction had its exiſtence.

   • 2005, Richard H. Vagelos, Rachel Marcus, J. Edwin Atwood, “35: Signs, Symptoms, and Laboratory Abnormalities in Cardiovascular Diseases”, in Robert M. Wachter, Lee Goldman, Harry Hollander, editors, Hospital Medicine, 2nd edition, page 309:

     In patients with rapid rates, diastole may be sufficiently shortened that the third and fourth heart sounds become superimposed and form a summation gallop.

   • 2008, Jack H. Wilmore, David L. Costill, W. Larry Kenney, Physiology of Sport and Exercise, page 132:

     Of the total cardiac cycle at this rate, diastole accounts for 0.50 s, or 62% of the cycle, and systole accounts for 0.31 s, or 38%.

   • 2011, Julian Maizel, Michel Slama, “9: Hermodynamic Evaluation in the Patient with Arrhythmias”, in Daniel de Backer, Bernard P. Cholley, Michel Slama, Antoine Vieillard-Baron, Philippe Vignon, editors, Hemodynamic Monitoring Using Echocardiography in the Critically Ill, Springer, page 90:

     During a short cycle or premature contraction, LV ejection begins before pressure in the aorta has completely decreased, and it remains higher than with longer diastoles [4, 5].

2. (uncountable, prosody) The lengthening of a vowel or syllable beyond its typical length.
   • 1815 March and June, On the Greek and Latin Accents, The Classical Journal, Volume XI, page 81,

     I have inserted diastole which is omitted in Putschius, an insertion which both the complement, and the subsequent text make necessary.

   • 1841, Gottfried Weber, Godfrey Weber′s General Music Teacher, page 115:

     [A]ccording to prosody, this syllable has the diastole and the stress, whereas the second of “cujus” or of “animam” has not.

   • 2010, Jürgen Thym, Ann Clark Fehn, Of Poetry and Song: Approaches to the Nineteenth-Century Lied, page 46:

     Surely Goethe′s basic dichotomy of systole and diastole in the Divan poem […] .

3. (Greek grammar) The hypodiastole, a textual or punctuation mark formerly used to disambiguate homonyms in Greek.

同意語

• (prosody): ectasis

反意語

• (antonym(s) of “physiology”): systole
• (antonym(s) of “prosody”): systole

派生語

参考

• (prosody): caesura, synaeresis, synecphonesis, synizesis

アナグラム

• altoside, diolates, elastoid, isolated, sodalite, solidate

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [diˈas.tɔ.ɫeː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [diˈas.to.le]

名詞

diastolē f (genitive diastolēs); first declension
(grammar)

1. hypodiastole: ⟨⸒⟩ (a written mark, chiefly occurring in scriptio continua, used to distinguish homographs and to mark the division of two words liable to be mistaken for a single compound word)
   • late AD 4th century, Diomedes Grammaticus, Artis Grammaticae libri III 435.10–11:

     huic contraria est diastole, dextera pars circuli ad imam litteram adposita.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • c. 560 CE – 636 CE, Isidorus Hispalensis 1.18.7
2. comma
   • Tiberius Claudius Donatus 1742.P.
3. the determination of the meaning of a noun by means of an epithet
   • Aelius Donatus, Eun. 515
   • Servius Honoratus, G. 3.458

語形変化

First-declension noun (Greek-type).

関連する語

派生した語

• → German: Diastole

Further reading

• “dĭastŏle”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “dĭastŏlē”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette, page 519: “dĭastŏlē, ēs, f. (διαστολή), signe d’écriture pour empêcher de réunir deux mots qui doivent être divisés : Diom. 435, 11 ; Isid. 1, 18, 7 ‖ détermination du sens d’un substantif à l’aide d’une épithète : Don. Eun., 515 ; Serv. G. 3, 458.”