cranioscopyとは 意味・読み方・使い方

名詞

cranioscopy (countable and uncountable, plural cranioscopies)

1. (rare) The study of the shape, size, and other features of the human skull.
   • 1864, C. G. Carus, “Some Remarks on the Construction of the Upper Jaw of the Skull of a Greenlander,”, in Journal of the Anthropological Society of London, volume 2, page cxiv:

     In the first part of my Atlas on Cranioscopy, which appeared in Leipzig in 1843, I remarked that in the skull of a Greenlander, which I sketched, it was singular, that on this skull there was a decided separation between the upper jaw-bone and the intermaxillary bone, almost as in little children or in quadrupeds.

2. (historical, dated) Phrenology.
   • 1978, William J. Broad, “Lost in Thought”, in Science News, volume 114, number 22, page 361:

     A theory that was totally wrong helped focus attention on the right questions. Some people called it phrenology. Its founder, Franz Joseph Gall (1758-1828) called it cranioscopy. . . . It held that the brain had specific areas of function and that mental and moral attributes of a person could be determined by examination of the cranium.

派生語

• cranioscopist

Further reading

• Noah Webster (1828) “cranioscopy”, in An American Dictionary of the English Language: […], volume I (A–I), New York, N.Y.: […] S. Converse; printed by Hezekiah Howe […], →OCLC.
• Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed., 1989.
• Random House Webster's Unabridged Electronic Dictionary, 1987-1996.