cloacaとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Borrowed from Latin cloāca (“sewer”), related to cluō (“cleanse; purge”), but the derivation is uncertain.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /kləʊˈeɪ.kə/
• (General American) IPA: /kloʊˈeɪ.kə/
• 韻: -eɪkə
• ハイフネーション: clo‧a‧ca

名詞

cloaca (plural cloacas or cloacae)

1. (sometimes figurative) A sewer.
   • 1773, Gentleman's Magazine, number 43, page 598:

     The Thames, polluted with the filthy effusions of the cloacae.

   • 1850, Thomas Carlyle, chapter IV, in Latter-day Pamphlets, page 46:
   • […] that tremendous cloaca of Pauperism […]
   • 1898, H.G. Wells, The War of the Worlds, London: William Heinemann, page 266:

     After working an hour, I began to speculate on the distance one had to go before the cloaca was reached the chances we had of missing it altogether.

2. (anatomy, zoology) The opening in reptiles, amphibians and birds, as well as elasmobranchians, lobe-finned fishes, and monotreme mammals, which serves as the common outlet for the urogenital ducts and rectum.
   • 1822, John Mason Good, The Study of Medicine, volume I, page 7:

     In birds the rectum, at the termination of its canal, forms an oval or elongated pouch […] and then expands into a cavity, which has been named cloaca.

3. An outhouse or lavatory.
   • 1840, Frederick Marryat, chapter XXIV, in Olla Podrida:

     To every house […] a cloaca.

   • 1880, William Blades, The Enemies of Books, page 55:

     Only think of that cloaca being supplied daily with such dainty bibliographical treasures!

4. (anatomy) A duct through which gangrenous material escapes a body.
   • 1846, Joseph François Malgaigne, translated by Frederick Brittan, Manual of Operative Surgery, page 172:

     Across this shell [sc. of bone] small holes are eaten, by which the matter escapes, and which are called cloacae (Weidmann).

5. (embryology) Structure in the embryo during the development of the reproductive and urinary systems.

同意語

• (sewer): See sewer
• (duct): See vent
• (outhouse or lavatory): See Thesaurus:bathroom

上位語

• external genitalia

派生語

参照

アナグラム

• Caloca

語源

Related to cluō (“cleanse”), but the derivation is uncertain. See De Vaan (2008) for discussion.

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [kɫoˈaː.ka]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [kloˈaː.ka]

名詞

cloāca f (genitive cloācae); first declension

1. An underground drain, sewer.
   1. (humorous) Of the mouth and intestines of a voracious person.
2. (New Latin, zootomy) cloaca (anatomical feature serving as the common outlet for the urogenital ducts and rectum)
   • 1864, Jan van der Hoeven, chapter III, in Philosophia zoologica, volume I, Leiden: Brill, page 74:

     In avium cloaca duae papillae adsunt conicae aut triangulares, latae, depressae in quibus ostia vasorum deferentium conspiciuntur.

     [In avium cloāca duae papillae adsunt conicae aut tritriangulārēs angulārēs, lātae, dēpressae in quibus ōstia vāsōrum dēferentium cōnspiciuntur.]

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

語形変化

First-declension noun.

派生語

派生した語

参照

Further reading

• “cloaca”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “cloaca”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "cloaca", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “cloaca”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “cloaca”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin