clavisとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Latin clāvis (“a key”). Doublet of clave and clef.

発音

• (General American) IPA: /ˈkleɪ.vɪs/, /ˈklɑv.ɪs/
• 韻: -eɪvɪs
• 韻: -ævɪs

名詞

clavis (plural clavises or claves)

1. (archaeology) A Roman key.

   Synonym: key

   • 1873, “Proceedings of the Association”, in Journal of the British Archaeological Association‎, volume 29, April 9th, page 202:

     Iron clavis, the solid web-shaped at the edges to fit the wards in the lock, and having a pointed broach and a kite-formed looped haft.

2. A device for restraint of the hands.

   Synonym: shackles

   • 1904, B. O. Flower, “Editorials”, in B. O. Flower, editor, The Arena‎, volume 32, VI. Dr. Bell shows how hopeless insanity was a fruit of public parsimony, page 540, column 2:

     His hands were restrained by means of a clavis and bolt (of iron), appropriated to each wrist, and united by a padlock.

3. Synonym of glossary: a key to the meaning of various terms.
   • 1784 July 12, William Cowper, “To the Rev. William Unwin.”, in Robert Southey, editor, The Works of William Cowper, with a Life of the Author‎, volume 5, published 1836, page 54:

     Homer, with a clavis, I have had possession of some years.

4. (taxonomy) A key; an identification guide; a series of logically organized groups of discriminating information which aims to allow the user to correctly identify a taxon.

   Synonyms: identification guide, conspectus, key

   • 1921, Alexander Irvine, “Short Notes: Rosa spinosissima×rubiginosa×f. cantiana, forma nova”, in Journal of Botany, British and Foreign, volume 59, number 702, page 180:

     There are many disadvantages in using a clavis intended for another country, which necessarily includes plants that are absent from our islands while it omits some that are present and neglects the peculiarities of our island flora.

関連する語

• clavichord

参照

• “clavis”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.

アナグラム

• Slavic, cavils

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈkɫaː.wɪs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈklaː.vis]

名詞

clāvis f (genitive clāvis); third declension

1. a key
   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 24:

     Post hanc orationem claves portarum pecuniaeque regiae ante pedes eorum posuit.

     After this discourse he laid the keys of the gates and of the royal treasure at their feet.

   • 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Iudicum.3.25:

     […] et videntes quod nullus aperiret tulerunt clavem et aperientes invenerunt dominum suum iacentem in terra mortuum

     […] and, behold, he did not open the doors; therefore they took a key and opened [the doors] to enter [but] their lord was lying dead on the ground.

2. ellipsis of clāvis trochī, an instrument in the form of a key, by which a top was set in motion
3. a lever or bar for tightening a screw press

   Synonym: clāvis torculārī

   • 234 BCE – 149 BCE, Cato the Elder, De Agri Cultura 13:

     […] seriam vinariam unam, clavem torculari I […]

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

使用する際の注意点

Not to be confused with clāva (“a staff, cudgel, club”) or clāvus (“a nail”).

語形変化

Third-declension noun (i-stem, accusative singular in -em or -im, ablative singular in -e or -ī).

派生語

関連する語

派生した語

参考

• clāva
• clāvus

参照

Further reading

• “clavis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “clavis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "clavis", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “clavis”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• “clavis”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “clavis”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

語源 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

名詞

clāvīs

1. dative/ablative plural of clāvus

語源 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

名詞

clāvīs

1. dative/ablative plural of clāva