chameleonとは 意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• chamaeleon (Commonwealth)
• chamæleon (dated)

語源

From 中期英語 camelion, from Old French cameleon, from Latin chamaeleon, from Ancient Greek χαμαιλέων (khamailéōn), from χαμαί (khamaí, “on the earth, on the ground”) + λέων (léōn, “lion”); ultimately a calque from Akkadian 𒌨𒈤𒊭𒆠 (nēšu ša qaqqari, “chameleon, reptile”, literally “lion of the ground", "predator that crawls upon the ground”). The spelling was re-Latinized in the early 18th century. The physics sense was coined by Justin Khoury and by Amanda Weltman in 2003 in a paper in Physical Review Letters.

発音

• enPR: kəmē'lēən, kəmēl'yən; IPA: /kəˈmi.li.ən/, /kəˈmil.jən/

名詞

chameleon (plural chameleons)

1. A small to mid-size reptile, of the family Chamaeleonidae, and one of the best known lizard families able to change color and project its long tongue.
   • 1961, Harry E. Wedeck, Dictionary of Aphrodisiacs, New York: The Citadel Press, page 59:

     Milk of chameleon was recommended as an erotic stimulant by Avicenna.

   • 1998, “Corridor of Chameleons”, performed by Meshuggah:

     A contagious neuro-ego-disease. A virus sticking to liars.
     We're the self-centered fuel to boost the new strain of fire.
     Adapting, shifting, lacking opinion. Our numbers exceeding the billions.
     Everly walking among ourselves down the corridor of chameleons.

2. (figurative) A person with inconstant behavior; one able to quickly adjust to new circumstances.

   Synonym: Zelig

   • 2014 September 8, Michael White, “Roll up, roll up! The Amazing Salmond will show a Scotland you won't believe”, in The Guardian:

     He is a political chameleon, as charming to business leaders he met privately in Aberdeen on Friday night as he has been inspiring to distressed and desperate Labour defectors in Glasgow and beyond.

3. (physics) A hypothetical scalar particle with a non-linear self-interaction, giving it an effective mass that depends on its environment: the presence of other fields.

派生語

形容詞

chameleon (not comparable)

1. That changes or modifies its color.

   The wall was covered with a chameleon paint.

参照

Further reading

• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “chameleon”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
• “chameleon”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• Critical and Philological Notes: Tablet XI, Note 314 in Andrew R. George (2003) The Babylonian Gilgamesh Epic: Introduction, Critical Edition and Cuneiform Texts, Volume II, Oxford University Press, pages 896-897
• nēšu(m) in Black, Jeremy; George, Andrew; Postgate, Nicholas (2000), “chameleon”, in A Concise Dictionary of Akkadian, 2nd corrected edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, via the electronic Babylonian Library, page 251