butterとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• enPR: bŭʹtər, IPA: /ˈbʌt.əɹ/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈbʌ.tə/, [ˈbɐt.ʰə]
• (General American) IPA: /ˈbʌ.tɚ/, [ˈbʌ.ɾɚ]
• (New Zealand) IPA: /ˈba.tə/, [ˈba.ɾə]
• (Scotland, Wales) IPA: /ˈbʌ.tɚ/, [ˈbʌ.ʔɚ]
• (Northern England, Midlands) IPA: /ˈbʊtə/
• (Local Dublin) IPA: /ˈbʊhɐ/
• 韻: -ʌtə(ɹ)
• ハイフネーション: but‧ter

語源 1

From 中期英語 buter, butter, from 古期英語 butere, from Proto-West Germanic *buterā, from Latin būtȳrum, from Ancient Greek βούτῡρον (boútūron, “cow cheese”), compound of βοῦς (boûs, “ox, cow”) and τῡρός (tūrós, “cheese”).

名詞

butter (usually uncountable, plural butters)

1. A soft, fatty foodstuff made by churning the cream of milk (generally cow's milk).

   Coordinate terms: lard, shortening, fat, drippings, renderings, double cream, curdled cream, clotted cream

2. (cooking) Any of various foodstuffs made from other foods or oils, similar in consistency to, eaten like or intended as a substitute for butter (preceded by the name of the food used to make it).

   Coordinate term: margarine

   peanut butter

   soy butter

   chocolate butter

3. Any of various substances made from other (especially plant-based) oils or fats, used in moisturizers, cosmetics, etc.
   • 2016 September 7, Elaine Stavert, Beauty Oils & Butter, GMC PUBLICATIONS LTD, →ISBN:

     Butters such as cocoa, illippe, kokum, mango, murumuru, sal (shorea) and shea occur naturally and are obtained directly from the plant.

   • 2019 April 5, Heather A.E. Benson, Michael S. Roberts, Vania Rodrigues Leite-Silva, Kenneth Walters, Cosmetic Formulation: Principles and Practice, CRC Press, →ISBN, page 227:

     Butters are triglycerides […] . Cocoa butter (Theobroma cacao) is used as an emollient in topical cosmetic formulations, […] South American and the Brazilian rainforest offer various plants with common butters used in the industry that include […] cupuaçu butter […] and murumuru butter from the murumuru palm tree (Astrocaryum murumuru). India is another source of many butters used in cosmetic products, including kokum butter extracted from the seeds of the Garcinia indica tree, mango butter from the Mangifera indica tree and shea butter […]

4. (obsolete, chemistry) Any specific soft substance.

   butter of antimony; butter of arsenic

5. (aviation, slang) A smooth plane landing.

   That landing was total butter!

派生語

関連する語

派生した語

• → Japanese: バター (batā)
• → Korean: 빠다 (ppada) (North Korea), 버터 (beoteo) (South Korea)
• → Sinhalese: බටර් (baṭar)
• → Zulu: ibhotela

動詞

butter (third-person singular simple present butters, present participle buttering, simple past and past participle buttered)

1. (transitive) To spread butter on.

   Butter the toast.

2. (skiing, snowboarding) To move one's weight backwards or forwards onto the tips or tails of one's skis or snowboard so only the tip or tail is in contact with the snow. Similar to applying butter to bread with the end of a knife.
   1. To spin on skis or a snowboard using only the tips or tails being in contact with the snow

   Hyponyms: nosebutter, tailbutter

3. (slang, obsolete, transitive) To increase (stakes) at every throw of dice, or every game.

派生語

参考

• butyraceous
• ghee

語源 2

From butt +‎ -er.

名詞

butter (plural butters)

1. Someone or something that butts.
   • 2005, David E. Fastovsky, David B. Weishampel, The Evolution and Extinction of the Dinosaurs, page 156:

     […] these animals lacked self-correcting mechanisms of the kind seen in modern head-butters such as goats and big-horn sheep that would have kept the tremendous forces aligned with the rest of the skeleton.

2. Someone or something that butts in; a busybody.

参照