burstとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From 中期英語 bresten, bersten, from 古期英語 berstan, from Proto-West Germanic *brestan, from Proto-Germanic *brestaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰres- (“to burst, break, crack, split, separate”), enlargement of *bʰreHi- (“to snip, split”).

See also West Frisian boarste, Dutch barsten, Danish briste, Swedish brista; also Irish bris (“to break”)). More at brine. Also cognate to debris.

発音

• (米国発音) IPA: /bɝst/
• (英国発音) IPA: /bɜːst/
• 韻: -ɜː(ɹ)st

動詞

burst (third-person singular simple present bursts, present participle bursting, simple past burst or (archaic) brast or (nonstandard) bursted, past participle burst or (archaic) brast or (nonstandard) bursted or (rare) bursten)

1. (intransitive) To break from internal pressure.

   I blew the balloon up too much, and it burst.

2. (transitive) To cause to break from internal pressure.

   I burst the balloon when I blew it up too much.

3. (transitive, obsolete) To cause to break by any means.
   • c. 1590–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Taming of the Shrew”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act INDUCTION, scene i]:

     You will not pay for the glasses you have burst?

   • 1600, [Torquato Tasso], “(please specify |book=1 to 20)”, in Edward Fairefax [i.e., Edward Fairfax], transl., Godfrey of Bulloigne, or The Recouerie of Ierusalem. […], London: […] Ar[nold] Hatfield, for I[saac] Iaggard and M[atthew] Lownes, →OCLC:

     He burst his lance against the sand below.

4. (transitive) To separate (printer paper) at perforation lines.

   I printed the report on form-feed paper, then burst the sheets.

5. (intransitive) To enter or exit hurriedly and unexpectedly.
   • 1913, Mariano Azuela, The Underdogs, translated by E. MunguÍa, Jr.

     Like hungry dogs who have sniffed their meat, the mob bursts in, trampling down the women who sought to bar the entrance with their bodies.

6. (intransitive) To erupt; to change state suddenly as if bursting.

   The flowers burst into bloom on the first day of spring.

   • 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 6, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:

     ‘ […] I remember a lady coming to inspect St. Mary's Home where I was brought up and seeing us all in our lovely Elizabethan uniforms we were so proud of, and bursting into tears all over us because “it was wicked to dress us like charity children”. […] ’.

7. (transitive) To produce as an effect of bursting.

   to burst a hole through the wall

   • 1856, Eleanor Marx-Aveling (translator), Gustave Flaubert, Madame Bovary, Part III Chapter X

     He entered Maromme shouting for the people of the inn, burst open the door with a thrust of his shoulder, made for a sack of oats, emptied a bottle of sweet cider into the manger, and again mounted his nag, whose feet struck fire as it dashed along.

8. (transitive) To interrupt suddenly in a violent or explosive manner; to shatter.
   • 2001, Jeanette Windle, Cave of the Inca Re, page 115:

     The sharp report of a gun burst the silence, and a moment later the gate swung open.

引用

• For quotations using this term, see Citations:burst.

別の表記

• brast, brust (both obsolete)

等位語

• split, crack

派生語

関連する語

• bust
• bost

名詞

burst (plural bursts)

1. An act or instance of bursting.

   The bursts of the bombs could be heard miles away.

2. A sudden, often intense, expression, manifestation or display.

   Synonym: spurt

   I read it in two bursts.

   • 1860 December – 1861 August, Charles Dickens, Great Expectations […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: Chapman and Hall, […], published October 1861, →OCLC:

     "It's my wedding-day," cried Biddy, in a burst of happiness, "and I am married to Joe!"

   • 1956 December, W. J. Alcock, “On the Footplate of the "Elizabethan"”, in Railway Magazine, page 821:

     […] and only at Barnet did Tappin give Empire of India a burst to bring us up to the 60 m.p.h. speed ceiling of the London area.

   • 1961, Kurt Vonnegut, Harrison Bergeron‎, page 1:

     It was tragic, all right, but George and Hazel couldn't think about it very hard. Hazel had a perfectly average intelligence, which meant she couldn't think about anything except in short bursts.

3. A series of shots fired from an automatic firearm.
4. (military) The explosion of a bomb or missile.

   a ground burst; a surface burst

5. (archaic) A drinking spree.

派生語

アナグラム

• Strub, strub, trubs

語源

From 古期英語 byrst, from Proto-West Germanic *brestu, from Proto-Germanic *brestuz. Doublet of brest.

発音

• IPA: /birst/, /burst/
• (metathetic) IPA: /brist/, /brust/

名詞

burst (plural burstes)

1. loss, destruction
2. injury, harm
3. need, deficiency

参照

• “burst, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.