bullとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• IPA: /ˈbʊl/
• (Scotland, Northern Ireland) IPA: /bʉl/
• 韻: -ʊl

語源 1

From 中期英語 bole, bul, bule, from a conflation of 古期英語 bula (“bull, steer”) and Old Norse boli, both from Proto-Germanic *bulô (“bull”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰl̥no-, from *bʰel- (“to blow, swell up”). Cognate with West Frisian bolle, Dutch bul, German Low German Bull, German Bulle, Swedish bulla; also Old Irish ball (“limb”), Latin follis (“bellows, leather bag”), Albanian bolle (“testicles”), Ancient Greek φαλλός (phallós, “penis”).

名詞

bull (countable and uncountable, plural bulls)

1. An adult male of domesticated cattle or oxen.
   1. Specifically, one that is uncastrated.
   2. (loosely) Any bovine of an aggressive or long-horned breed regardless of age and sex.
2. A male of domesticated cattle or oxen of any age.
3. Any adult male bovine.
4. An adult male of certain large mammals, such as whales, elephants, camels and seals.
   • 1913, Edgar Rice Burroughs, The Return of Tarzan, New York: Ballantine Books, published 1963, page 196:

     The quick eyes of a female caught sight of him first. With a barking guttural she called the attention of the others. Several huge bulls stood erect to get a better view of the intruder. With bared fangs and bristling necks they advanced slowly toward him, with deep-throated, ominous growls.

   • 1904, Jack London, chapter 30, in The Sea-Wolf (Macmillan’s Standard Library), New York, N.Y.: Grosset & Dunlap, →OCLC:

     The upshot of the affair was that she accompanied me next morning. I rowed into the adjoining cove and up to the edge of the beach. There were seals all about us in the water, and the bellowing thousands on the beach compelled us to shout at each other to make ourselves heard.
     "I know men club them," I said, trying to reassure myself and gazing doubtfully at a large bull, not thirty feet away, upreared on his fore-flippers and regarding me intently. "But the question is, How do they club them?"

5. A large, strong man.
6. (finance) An investor who buys (commodities or securities) in anticipation of a rise in prices.
   • 1821, Bank of England, The Bank - The Stock Exchange - The Bankers ..., page 64:

     This accompt has been made to appear a bull accompt, i.e. that the bulls cannot take their stock. The fact is the reverse; it is a bear accompt, but the bears, unable to deliver their stock, have conjointly banged the market, and pocketed the tickets, to defeat the rise and loss that would have ensued to them by their buying on a rising price on the accompt day […]

   • 2023 December 9, Scott Chipolina, “Unlikely resurgence for bitcoin as bulls bet on Wall Street adoption”, in FT Weekend, Companies & Markets, page 15:

     Bulls are hoping the prosecutions draw a line under the sector's troubled past and will allow it to tap billions of dollars of cash from Wall Street.

7. (US, slang) A policeman; a detective; a railroad security guard.
   • 2021, Rickie Lee Jones, Last Chance Texaco, Grive Press 2022, p. 93:

     You never waited until the train stopped to get off. The railroad bulls were waiting at the stops searching for freeloaders.

   • 1920, Mary Roberts Rinehart, Avery Hopwood, chapter I, in The Bat: A Novel from the Play (Dell Book; 241), New York, N.Y.: Dell Publishing Company, →OCLC, page 01:

     The Bat—they called him the Bat. […]. He'd never been in stir, the bulls had never mugged him, he didn't run with a mob, he played a lone hand, and fenced his stuff so that even the fence couldn't swear he knew his face.

8. (LGBTQ, slang) An elderly lesbian.
9. (UK, historical, obsolete slang) A crown coin; its value, 5 shillings.

   Synonym: bullseye

   • 1859, J.C. Hotten, A Dictionary of Modern Slang, Cant, and Vulgar Words:

     Half-a-crown is known as an alderman, half a bull, half a tusheroon, and a madza caroon; whilst a crown piece, or five shillings, may be called either a bull, or a caroon, or a cartwheel, or a coachwheel, or a thick-un, or a tusheroon.

10. (UK) Clipping of bullseye.
    • 1926, T.E. Lawrence, Seven Pillars of Wisdom, New York: Anchor, published 1991, page 219:

      A second good game was to cannon one galloping camel with another, and crash it into a near tree. Either the tree went down (valley trees in the light Hejaz soil were notably unstable things) or the rider was scratched and torn; or, best of all, he was swept quite out of his saddle, and left impaled on a thorny branch, if not dropped violently to the ground. This counted as a bull, and was very popular with everyone but him.

    1. (military, firearms) The central portion of a target, inside the inner and magpie.
11. (Philadelphia, slang) A man or boy (derived from the Philadelphia English pronunciation of “boy”, which is practically a homophone of “bull”)
12. (uncountable, informal, euphemistic, slang) Clipping of bullshit.
13. A man who has sex with someone else's partner, with the consent of both.

    Coordinate terms: cuckold, cuckquean, cuckcake

    • 2018 June 1, Holly O'Mahony, “‘Stag’ men love watching other guys have sex with their wives… but it’s not cuckolding”, in The Sun‎:

      The Vixen, often known as ‘Hotwife’, has sex with the encouragement of her husband or boyfriend with the Bull (that’s the guy who is servicing her). Another scenario is that the Vixen has sex with a Bull outside of the couple’s shared abode. Then she comes home and recounts all the details in a blow-by-blow description to turn the Stag on.

14. (obsolete) A drink made by pouring water into a cask that previously held liquor.
15. (slang, uncountable) Beef.
    • 1949, Stephen Peter Llewellyn, Journey Towards Christmas, page 142:

      Meanwhile the Tommies had discovered several large tins of ham in the captured lorry. 'That,' said the big Nazi, 'is for our tea.' 'No,' said a Tommy sergeant-major. 'That's for our tea. For you, chummy, we've kept a nice bit of bull.'

同意語

• (cattle): gentleman cow (obsolete, euphemistic)
• (slang: male person): guy, dude, bro, cat
• (slang: policeman): cop, copper, pig (derogatory), rozzer (British). See also Thesaurus:police officer

反意語

• (antonym(s) of “finance: investor who sells in anticipation of a fall in prices”): bear

等位語

• cow, ox, calf, steer

形容詞

bull (not comparable)

1. Large and strong, like a bull.

   Synonyms: beefy, hunky, robust

   Antonyms: feeble, puny, weak

2. (attributive, of large mammals) Adult male.

   Synonym: male

   Antonym: female

   a bull elephant

   • 1913, Edgar Rice Burroughs, The Return of Tarzan, New York: Ballantine Books, published 1963, page 45:

     With the low, guttural snarl of the bull ape he sprang for the Frenchman.

3. (finance) Characterized by rising prices or belief that prices will rise.

   Antonym: bear

   a bull market

4. Stupid.

   Synonym: stupid

動詞

bull (third-person singular simple present bulls, present participle bulling, simple past and past participle bulled)

1. (intransitive, often with into or through) To force oneself (in a particular direction); to move aggressively.

   He bulled his way in.

2. (agriculture, intransitive, of a cow or heifer) To be in heat; to be ready for mating with a bull.
3. (agriculture, transitive, of a bull) To mate with (a cow or heifer).
4. (finance, transitive) To endeavour to raise the market price of.

   to bull railroad bonds

5. (finance, transitive) To endeavour to raise prices in.

   to bull the market

派生語

(terms derived from the adj., noun, or verb bull (etymology 1)):

語源 2

From 中期英語 bulle, from Old French bulle, from Latin bulla, from Gaulish. Doublet of bull (“bubble”) and bulla.

名詞

bull (plural bulls)

1. A papal bull, an official document or edict from the Pope.

   Coordinate term: brief (shorter)

2. A seal affixed to a document, especially a document from the Pope.

動詞

bull (third-person singular simple present bulls, present participle bulling, simple past and past participle bulled)

1. (dated) To publish in a papal bull. [17th century]

語源 3

From 中期英語 bull, bul, boule (“falsehood, deceit”), probably from Old French boul, boule, bole (“fraud, deceit, cunning”), from Old French bouler, boler (“to deceive, delude, lure, take in”), from Middle Low German bôlen (“to woo, court”), related to German buhlen (“to woo”), English bully. Often reanalyzed by surface analysis to be an expurgated clipping of bullshit.

名詞

bull (uncountable)

1. A lie.
2. (euphemistic, informal) Nonsense.

同意語

• (nonsense): See also Thesaurus:nonsense

派生語

• bull session
• cock and bull

動詞

bull (third-person singular simple present bulls, present participle bulling, simple past and past participle bulled)

1. To mock; to cheat.
2. (intransitive) To lie, to tell untruths.
3. (UK, military, transitive) To polish (boots) to a high shine.
   • 2014, Sean Connolly, British Army on the Rampage (B.A.O.R.) (page 118)

     We were to repeat our normal practise of me bulling his boots and him ironing my kit.

語源 4

From 中期英語 bowle, boule, from Old French boule (“ball”), from Latin bulla (“round swelling”), of Gaulish origin. Doublet of bull (“papal bull”) and bulla.

名詞

bull (plural bulls)

1. (obsolete) A bubble. [16th century]

参照