bruteとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) enPR: bro͞ot, IPA: /bɹuːt/
• (General American) IPA: /bɹut/
• 韻: -uːt

語源 1

From Middle French brut, from Old French brut, from Latin brūtus (“dull, stupid, insensible”), an Oscan loanword, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂us (“heavy”). Cognate with Ancient Greek βαρύς (barús), Persian گران (gerân) and Sanskrit गुरु (gurú) (English guru).

形容詞

brute (comparative more brute, superlative most brute)

1. Without reason or intelligence (of animals). [from 15th c.]

   a brute beast

2. Characteristic of unthinking animals; senseless, unreasoning (of humans). [from 16th c.]
   • 1667, John Milton, “Book VII”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

     A creature […] not prone / And brute as other creatures, but endued / With sanctity of reason.

3. Unconnected with intelligence or thought; purely material, senseless. [from 16th c.]

   the brute earth; the brute powers of nature

4. Crude, unpolished. [from 17th c.]
   • 1815 February 24, [Walter Scott], Guy Mannering; or, The Astrologer. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […]; and Archibald Constable and Co., […], →OCLC:

     a great brute farmer from Liddesdale

5. Strong, blunt, and spontaneous; being purely physical in nature.
   • 1820, Floyd Lavern Darrow, The North American Review‎, Cummings and Hilliard, page 380:

     The two Gladiators, Kreugas and Damoxenos, a subject from Pausanias, is another work in the same grand style. There is a want of nobility both in the countenances and forms of the combatants, and the expression of brute strength is too little relieved by that of courage arid heroism. The gentlemen of the fancy too find fault with the attitudes, as contrary to the rules of boxing ; a fault to be excused in consideration of the want in Rome of an establishment like Fives' court in London.

   • 1864, Edward Bouverie Pusey, Daniel the Prophet, Nine Lectures, with Notes‎, Printing-Press of the Devonport Society, page 112:

     When Mr. Chalmers refused to O. K. the sacrifice of all-round performance to mere brute might, he saved the owner of the 3400 r. p. m.

   • 1916, Floyd Lavern Darrow, Kansas Farmer‎, Kansas Farmer Company, pages 136-137:

     When Mr. Chalmers refused to O. K. the sacrifice of all-round performance to mere brute might, he saved the owner of the 3400 r. p. m.

   I got the door open through brute force.

6. Brutal; cruel; fierce; ferocious; savage; pitiless, without intelligence or reason.

   brute violence

派生語

• brute fact
• brute strength

名詞

brute (plural brutes)

1. (archaic) An animal seen as being without human reason; a senseless beast. [from 17th c.]
   • 1714, Bernard Mandeville, The Fable of the Bees:

     they laid before them how unbecoming it was the Dignity of such sublime Creatures to be sollicitous about gratifying those Appetites, which they had in common with Brutes, and at the same time unmindful of those higher qualities that gave them the preeminence over all visible Beings.

   • 1899 February, Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CLXV, number M, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, part I, page 218:

     ‘That animal has a charmed life,’ he said; ‘but you can say this only of brutes in this country. No man - you apprehend me? - no man here bears a charmed life.’

   • 1913, Edgar Rice Burroughs, The Return of Tarzan, New York: Ballantine Books, published 1963, page 96:

     “I would then never have known what minute, or by whom, I was to be attacked next. But the brutes are more chivalrous than man—they do not stoop to cowardly intrigue.”

   • 1946, Bertrand Russell, History of Western Philosophy, I.17:

     But if he lives badly, he will, in the next life, be a woman; if he (or she) persists in evil-doing, he (or she) will become a brute, and go on through transmigrations until at last reason conquers.

2. A person with the characteristics of an unthinking animal; a coarse or brutal person, particularly one who is dim-witted. [from 17th c.]

   One of them was a hulking brute of a man, heavily tattooed and with a hardened face that practically screamed "I just got out of jail."

   • 1914 November, Louis Joseph Vance, “An Outsider […]”, in Munsey’s Magazine, volume LIII, number II, New York, N.Y.: The Frank A[ndrew] Munsey Company, […], published 1915, →OCLC, chapter III (Accessory After the Fact), page 382, column 2:

     She was frankly disappointed. For some reason she had expected to discover a burglar of one or another accepted type—either a dashing cracksman in full-blown evening dress, lithe, polished, pantherish, or a common yegg, a red-eyed, unshaven, burly brute in the rags and tatters of a tramp.

3. (film, television) A kind of powerful spotlight.
   • 1976, A. Arthur Englander, Paul Petzold, Filming for Television, page 191:

     For a scene like the Highgate exhumation night sequence suitable equipment would consist of: two brutes on Molevators, three 10 K lights also on Molevators and, for good measure, two 5 Ks, four 2 Ks, two pups (1000 W), two North lights […]

   • 1999, Des Lyver, Graham Swainson, Basics of Video Lighting, page 103:

     At the other extreme, with limitless budgets all they have to do is dream up amazing lighting rigs to be constructed and operated by the huge team of gaffers and sparks, with their generators, discharge lights, flags, gobos and brutes.

4. (archaic, UK, Cambridge University slang) One who has not yet matriculated.

派生語

動詞

brute (third-person singular simple present brutes, present participle bruting, simple past and past participle bruted)

1. (transitive) To shape (diamonds) by grinding them against each other.

語源 2

動詞

brute (third-person singular simple present brutes, present participle bruting, simple past and past participle bruted)

1. Obsolete spelling of bruit.

アナグラム

• Tuber, buret, tuber, Ubert, rebut