boneとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /bəʊn/
• (General American) enPR: bōn, IPA: /boʊn/
• (General Australian) IPA: /bəʉn/
• (New Zealand) IPA: /bɐʉn/
• 韻: -əʊn

語源 1

From 中期英語 bon, from 古期英語 bān (“bone, tusk; the bone of a limb”), from Proto-Germanic *bainą (“bone”), from *bainaz (“straight”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyh₂- (“to hit, strike, beat”).

Cognate with Scots bane, been, bean, bein, bain (“bone”), North Frisian bian, Biin, biinj (“bone; leg”), West Frisian bien (“bone”), Dutch been (“bone; leg”), German Low German Been, Bein (“bone”), German Bein (“leg”), German Gebein (“bones”), Swedish ben (“bone; leg”), Norwegian and Icelandic bein (“bone”), Breton benañ (“to cut, hew”), Latin perfinēs (“break through, break into pieces, shatter”), Avestan 𐬠𐬫𐬈𐬥𐬙𐬈 (byente, “they fight, hit”). Related also to Old Norse beinn (“straight, right, favourable, advantageous, convenient, friendly, fair, keen”) (whence 中期英語 bain, bayne, bayn, beyn (“direct, prompt”), Scots bein, bien (“in good condition, pleasant, well-to-do, cosy, well-stocked, pleasant, keen”)), Icelandic beinn (“straight, direct, hospitable”), Norwegian bein (“straight, direct, easy to deal with”). See bain, bein.

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Details needed on where the "dollar" sense comes into this. Is that from gambling slang?”)

別の表記

• bane, byen (dialectal)

名詞

bone (countable and uncountable, plural bones)

1. (uncountable) A composite material consisting largely of calcium phosphate and collagen and making up the skeleton of most vertebrates.
   • a1420, The British Museum Additional MS, 12,056, “Wounds complicated by the Dislocation of a Bone”, in Robert von Fleischhacker, editor, Lanfranc's "Science of cirurgie."‎, London: K. Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co, translation of original by Lanfranc of Milan, published 1894, →ISBN, page 63:

     Ne take noon hede to brynge togidere þe parties of þe boon þat is to-broken or dislocate, til viij. daies ben goon in þe wyntir, & v. in þe somer; for þanne it schal make quytture, and be sikir from swellynge; & þanne brynge togidere þe brynkis eiþer þe disiuncture after þe techynge þat schal be seid in þe chapitle of algebra.

2. (countable) Any of the components of an endoskeleton, made of this material.
   • c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene v], page 275, column 1:

     No Trophee, Sword, nor Hatchment o're his bones.

3. A bone of a fish; a fishbone.
4. A bonefish.
   • 2019, Scott Sadil, “Tres Bocas”, in California Fly Fisher:

     The reason I rarely fish for Mag Bay bones with a 5-weight or 6-weight is the number of fish that can turn light stuff inside out.

5. One of the rigid parts of a corset that forms its frame, the boning, originally made of whalebone.
6. One of the fragments of bone held between the fingers of the hand and rattled together to keep time to music.
7. Anything made of bone, such as a bobbin for weaving bone lace.
8. (figurative) The framework of anything.(Should we delete this sense?)
9. An off-white colour, like the typical colour of bone.

   bone:  

10. (US, informal, in the plural) A dollar.
11. (American football, informal) The wishbone formation.
12. (slang) An erect penis; a boner.
    • 2003, “Let Me Watch”, in Vaudeville Villain, performed by Viktor Vaughn ft. Apani B. Fly:

      Speakin' on the phone, for hours on end / On the bone from just listenin', and then:

13. (slang, chiefly in the plural) A domino or die.

    Let's head to the casino and roll them bones!

    • 1899 (please specify the page), Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CLXV, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, part:

      The Accountant had brought out already a box of dominoes, and was toying architecturally with the bones.

14. (slang) A cannabis cigarette; a joint.
    • 2006, Sean Conway, Gillis Huckabee, page 140:

      In between sets I took her outside, sat against a fence near the dumpster, and smoked a bone with her.

15. (figurative) A reward.
    • 1979, Pink Floyd, Nobody Home:

      When I'm a good dog they sometimes throw me a bone in

同意語

• os (medicine)
• (rigid parts of a corset): rib, stay
• (reward): doggy treat

上位語

• skeleton

下位語

派生語

形容詞

bone (not comparable)

1. Of an off-white colour, like the colour of bone.

動詞

bone (third-person singular simple present bones, present participle boning, simple past and past participle boned)

1. To prepare (meat, etc) by removing the bone or bones from.

   Synonyms: debone, unbone

   Coordinate terms: gut, skin

   • 1949, Kenneth Lewis Roberts, I Wanted to Write‎, page 44:

     One of the fish stalls specialized in boning shad, and he who has never eaten a boned shad baked twenty minutes on a hot oak plank has been deprived of the most delicious morsel that the ocean yields.

   • 1977, Prosper Montagné, Charlotte Snyder Turgeon, The New Larousse Gastronomique‎, page 73:

     The ballottine is made of a piece of meat, fowl, game or fish which is boned, stuffed, and rolled into the shape of a bundle. The term ballottine should strictly apply only to meat, boned and rolled, but not stuffed.

   • 2009, Maguelonne Toussaint-Samat, A History of Food‎, page 379:

     Then it is boned; keeping the bone in during cooking improves the flavour and enriches the meat with calcium.

   • 2011, Aliza Green, Steve Legato, The Fishmonger's Apprentice‎, page 38:

     Other fish suited to boning through the back include small bluefish, Arctic char, steelhead salmon, salmon, small wild striped bass, hybrid striped bass, Whitefish, drum, trout, and sea trout.

2. To fertilize with bone.
   • 1859 July 9, The Economist‎, page 758:

     He cites an instance of land heavily boned 70 years ago as “still markedly luxuriant beyond any other grass land in the same district.”

3. To put whalebone into.
   • 1871, Figure-Training:

     Having my stays very fully boned and fitted with shoulder-straps.

4. (civil engineering) To make level, using a particular procedure; to survey a level line.

   boning rod

5. (vulgar, slang, usually of a man, ambitransitive) To have sexual intercourse (with).

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:copulate, Thesaurus:copulate with

   Related terms: boned, boner

   • 1894, Catullus, translated by Leonard C. Smithers, The Carmina of Gaius Valerius Catullus, section 58:

     O Memmius, well and slowly did you bone me, supine, day by day, with the whole of that beam.

   • 1993, “Back Seat (of My Jeep)”, in 14 Shots to the Dome, performed by LL Cool J:

     We’re bonin’ on the dark blocks / Wearin’ out the shocks, wettin’ up the dashboard clock

   • 1997, “It's All About the Benjamins”, in No Way Out, performed by Puff Daddy:

     Stash in the buildin wit this chick named Alona / From Daytona, when I was young I wants to bone her

   • 2006, Noire [pseudonym], Thug-A-Licious: An Urban Erotic Tale, New York, N.Y.: One World, Ballantine Books, →ISBN, page 153:

     We were sitting in the student union between classes, and I had just been trying to decide which one of them I was gonna bone first that night.

   • 2006, “Sick of it all”, in Masta Ace (lyrics), Pariah:

     […] These cats stay rapping about cars they don't own / I am sick of rappers bragging about models they don't bone

   • 2007, Stacey Deddo, The Elimination Special, Part II: The Elimination (Drawn Together), season 3, episode 14, spoken by The Jew Producer (James Arnold Taylor), via Comedy Central:

     When we return we'll find out which one of our six remaining contestants' dreams will be totally ruined, like your mom's reputation after I bone her face.

   • 2007, Reno Mounties (Reno 911!), season 4, episode 11, spoken by Deputy Cherisha Kimball (Mary Birdsong), via Comedy Central:

     I swear on the good book that if you pull through, I will bone Travis Junior.

   • 2012, Gavin McInnes, The Death of Cool: From Teenage Rebellion to the Hangover of Adulthood, Simon and Schuster, →ISBN, page 89:

     I'd been boning French chicks for a while now and was always shocked to see how many able-bodied young white women had no qualms about being on welfare.

6. (Australia, dated, in Aboriginal culture) To perform “bone pointing”, a ritual that is intended to bring illness or even death to the victim.
   • 1962, Arthur Upfield, The Will of the Tribe, Collier Books, page 48:

     “You don’t know!”, Bony echoed. “You can tell me who boned me fifteen years ago on the other side of the world, and you can’t tell me who killed the white-fella in the Crater”.

7. (usually with "up") To study.

   bone up

   • 1896, Burt L. Standish, Frank Merriwell's Chums:

     “I know it. You do not study.” “What’s the use of boning all the time! I wasn’t cut out for it.”

8. To polish boots to a shiny finish.
   • c. 1980, F. van Zy, SADF National Service (1979-1980)‎, archived from the original on 22 June 2004:

     […] the permanent boning (excessive polishing) of boots by recruits […]

9. To nag, especially for an unpaid debt.
   • 1950, Asphalt Jungle:

     Dix Handley: Don’t bone me!
     Cobby: Now look, I’m not boning you, Dix—
     Dix: Did I ever welsh?
     Cobby: Nobody said you did—
     Dix: You just boned me!

派生語

副詞

bone (not comparable)

1. Used before an adjective as an intensifier
   • 1979 December 22, “Personal advertisement”, in Gay Community News, volume 2, number 22, page 18:

     GWF, well almost anyway, 40, bone-lonely, desperately needs a friend in Southern Maine.

参考

• Appendix:Bones

Further reading

• Wikipedia list of bones in the human skeleton

語源 2

Unknown; probably related in some way to Etymology 1, above.

動詞

bone (third-person singular simple present bones, present participle boning, simple past and past participle boned)

1. (transitive, slang) To apprehend, steal.
   • 1839, Charles Dickens, Nicholas Nickleby‎, page 127:

     “Did I?” said Squeers, “Well it was rather a startling thing for a stranger to come and recommend himself by saying that he knew all about you, and what your name was, and why you were living so quiet here, and what you had boned, and who you had boned it from.”

   • 1915, William Roscoe Thayer, The Life and Letters of John Hay:

     […] as long as you and I live I take it for granted that you will not suspect me of boning them. But to guard against casualties hereafter, I have asked Nicolay to write you a line saying that I have never had in my possession or custody any of the papers which you entrusted to him.

   • 1936, J.R.R. Tolkien, “The Root of the Boot”, in Songs for the Philologists:

     But troll's old seat is much the same,
     And the bone he boned from its owner

   • 1942, Rebecca West, Black Lamb and Grey Falcon, Canongate, published 2006, page 802:

     Therefore she wants to take results that belong to other people: she wants to bone everybody else's loaf.

語源 3

Borrowed from French bornoyer (“to look at with one eye, to sight”), from borgne (“one-eyed”).

動詞

bone (third-person singular simple present bones, present participle boning, simple past and past participle boned)

1. (carpentry, masonry, surveying) To sight along an object or set of objects to check whether they are level or in line.
   • 1846, W. M. Buchanan, A Technological Dictionary‎, page 151:

     Joiners, &c., bone their work with two straight edges.

語源 4

Clipping of trombone.

名詞

bone (plural bones)

1. (slang) Clipping of trombone.

参照

アナグラム

• Beno, Boen, ebon

名詞

bone

1. (West Midland) alternative form of bane

語源 2

名詞

bone

1. alternative form of bon

語源 3

名詞

bone

1. alternative form of boon

語源 4

形容詞

bone

1. alternative form of boon

語源 5

形容詞

bone

1. alternative form of boun

参照

• “bone”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “bone”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• “bone”, in Richard Stillwell et al., editor (1976), The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press