bivouacとは 意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• bivouack
• biouac, bivoac, bihovac (obsolete)
• bivy, bivvy (shortening)

語源

Unadapted borrowing from French bivouac (earlier biouac, bivac), from Alemannic German Biiwacht (“reinforcements of guard or town watch”), from bii- + Wacht (“watch, guard”).

発音

• IPA: /ˈbɪv.u.æk/, /ˈbɪv.wæk/
• 韻: -æk

名詞

bivouac (plural bivouacs)

1. An encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering.
   • 2014, Patrick Armstrong, The Log of a Snow Survey, →ISBN:

     Townsend hare inhabit this area, particularly above the cabin, and a skier is likely to have one explode from a tree well and disappear into the whiteness as he skis by. Life is a constant bivouac for them -- they spend days huddled in tree wells during storms -- but I suspect they are as content and warm in their luxurious coats as we are in a cabin.

2. Any temporary encampment.
3. A temporary shelter constructed generally for a few nights.
   • 1977, K.M. Elizabeth Murray, Caught in the Web of Words, Oxford: Oxford University Press, page 63:

     Behold the Mansion reared by Dædal Jack!
     See the Malt stored in many a plethoric sack,
     In the proud cirque of Juan's bivouac!

   • September 23, 2005, Boston Globe:

     The outing begins by Thursday noon, when the recreational vehicles start rumbling into town and their owners set up bivouacs.

4. (dated) The watch of a whole army by night, when in danger of surprise or attack.
5. (zoology) A structure formed by migratory ants out of their own bodies to protect the queen and larvae.

派生語

• bivouac sack
• bivouac sheet

動詞

bivouac (third-person singular simple present bivouacs or bivouacks, present participle bivouacing or bivouacking, simple past and past participle bivouacked)

1. (transitive, intransitive) To set up camp.

   We'll bivouac here tonight.

   • 1951, C. S. Lewis, Prince Caspian: The Return to Narnia:

     They reached the fir wood which had caused them so much trouble while it was still daylight, and bivouacked in a hollow just above it. It was tedious gathering the fire wood; […]

2. (intransitive) To watch at night or be on guard, as a whole army.
3. (intransitive) To encamp for the night without tents or covering.

派生語