birdとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (英国発音)
  • (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /bɜːd/
  • (Humberside, Teesside, fair–fur merger) IPA: /bɛːd/
  • (Liverpool, fair–fur merger) IPA: /beːd/
  • (Northumbria) IPA: /bɔːd/
  • (Scotland) IPA: /bɪɹd/
• (Canada, 米国発音)
  • (General American, Canada) enPR: bû(r)d, IPA: /bɜɹd/, [bɝˑd]
  • (New York City, Southern 米国発音, dated) IPA: [bɜɪd]
• (General Australian) IPA: /bɜːd/
• (New Zealand) IPA: /bøːd/
• (Ireland) IPA: /bɚːd/, (Dublin) /bʊːɹd/
• (India) IPA: /bɜd/
• 韻: -ɜː(ɹ)d
• 異形同音異義語: bared, beared, Baird (all fair–fur merger)

語源 1

From 中期英語 bird, brid, from 古期英語 bridd (“chick, fledgling, chicken”), of uncertain origin (see 古期英語 bridd for more). Originally from a term used of birds that could not fly (chicks, fledglings, chickens) as opposed to the general 古期英語 term for flying birds, fugol (modern fowl). Gradually replaced fowl as the most common term starting in the 14th century.

The "booing/jeering" and "vulgar hand gesture" senses derived from the expression “to give the big bird”, as in “to hiss someone like a goose”, dated in the mid‐18th century.

名詞

bird (plural birds)

1. An animal of the clade (traditionally class) Aves in the phylum Chordata, characterized by being warm-blooded, having feathers and wings usually capable of flight, having a beaked mouth, and laying eggs.

   Synonyms: avian, fowl (archaic), feathered friend (idiomatic), feathered folk (collectively); see also Thesaurus:bird

   Ducks and sparrows are birds.

   • 2004, Bruce Whittington, Loucas Raptis, Seasons with Birds, page 50:

     The level below this is called the Phylum; birds belong to the Phylum Chordata, which includes all the vertebrate animals (the sub-phylum Vertebrata) and a few odds and ends.

2. (obsolete) A chicken; the young of a fowl; a young eaglet; a nestling.
   • 1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Matthew viij:[20], folio x, recto:

     […] the foxes have holes, and the brydds of the aier have nestes, but [t]he sonne of the man hath not where onto leye his heede: […]

   • c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i]:

     That ungentle gull, the cuckoo's bird.

3. (Should we delete this sense?) (cooking, slang) A chicken or turkey used as food.

   Pitch in and help me stuff the bird if you want Thanksgiving dinner.

4. (slang) A man, fellow. [from mid-19th c.]

   Synonyms: bloke, chap, guy; see also Thesaurus:man

   • 1886, Edmund Routledge, Routledge's every boy's annual:

     He once took in his own mother, and was robbed by a 'pal,' who thought he was a doctor. Oh, he's a rare bird is 'Gentleman Joe'!

   • 1925 July – 1926 May, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “(please specify the chapter number)”, in The Land of Mist (eBook no. 0601351h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg Australia, published April 2019:

     "What I mean - I expect that old, red-headed bird at the office sent you round with no other purpose."

   • 1939, Raymond Chandler, The Big Sleep, Penguin, published 2011, page 24:

     The door opened and a tall hungry-looking bird with a cane and a big nose came in neatly, shut the door behind him against the pressure of the door closer, marched over to the desk and placed a wrapped parcel on the desk.

   • 1957, Sydney J. Bounds, The Robot Brains, London: Digit Books, page 35:

     "But you think he's right?" "Could be. They're rum birds, all right."

   • 2006, Jeff Fields, Terry Kay, A cry of angels:

     "Ah, he's a funny bird," said Phaedra, throwing a leg over the sill.

5. (UK, Ireland, colloquial) A girl or woman, especially one considered sexually attractive.

   Synonyms: broad, chick, dame, lass; see also Thesaurus:girl, Thesaurus:woman

   • 1809, Thomas Campbell, Lord Ullin's Daughter:

     And by my word! the bonny bird / In danger shall not tarry.

   • 1918 [1915], Thomas Burke, Nights in London‎, New York: Henry Holt and Company, page 75:

     After tea, the bright boys wash, clean their boots, and change into their “second-best” attire, and stroll forth […] ; sometimes to saunter, in company with others, up and down that parade until they “click” with one of the “birds.”

   • 2013 September 13, Russell Brand, The Guardian‎:

     The usual visual grammar was in place – a carpet in the street, people in paddocks awaiting a brush with something glamorous, blokes with earpieces, birds in frocks of colliding colours that if sighted in nature would indicate the presence of poison.

   • 2017, David Weigel, The Show That Never Ends: The Rise and Fall of Prog Rock, W. W. Norton & Company:

     “All these fantastic birds, long hair, made up, false eyelashes and things, crowding round this group of scabby, spotty teenagers,” marveled Anderson.

   1. (UK, Ireland, colloquial, by extension) A girlfriend. [from early 20th c.]

      Mike went out with his bird last night.

      • 2002, “Geezers need excitement”, in Mike Skinner (lyrics), Original Pirate Material, performed by The Streets:

        But all of a sudden though, just through the smoke / It's your bird laughing and joking with a bloke / Ain't just that either, as she moves closer / In a shape what looks like they're lovers, he's tonguing her!

6. (slang) An aircraft.
   • 1967, Trudy Baker, Rachel Jones, Donald Bain (uncredited), Coffee, Tea, or Me?: The Uninhibited Memoirs of Two Airline Stewardesses, New York: Bantam Books, page 10:

     “Cabin cleaners? They have worked on this bird. Don't you know you've always got to clean up after the cleaners? What they don't teach you in school these days.”

   • 2007 September 25, Bungie, Halo 3, spoken by Miranda Keyes (Justis Bolding), Microsoft Game Studios, Xbox 360, level/area: Crow's Nest:

     Any of our birds squawking?

7. (slang) A satellite.
   • 1988, Satellite communications. Jan-Oct. 1988:

     Deployment of the fourth bird "should ensure that Inmarsat has sufficient capacity in orbit in the early 1990s, taking into account the possibility of launch failures and the age of some of the spacecraft in the Inmarsat first generation system

   • 1992, Cable Vision:

     Will a government- backed APSTAR satellite knock out a planned AsiaSat II bird?

   • 2015, John Fuller, Thor's Legions: Weather Support to the U.S. Air Force and Army, 1937-1987, Springer, →ISBN, page 384:

     In reality, the Air Force was never able to place a bird in orbit that quickly.

8. (UK, with definite article, chiefly in phrases) Booing and jeering, especially as done by an audience expressing displeasure at a performer.

   to give the bird

9. (with definite article) The vulgar hand gesture in which the middle finger is extended.

   Synonym: the finger

   to flip the bird

   • 2002, The Advocate, "Flying fickle finger of faith", page 55.

     For whatever reason — and there are so many to chose from — they flipped the bird in the direction of the tinted windows of the Bushmobile.

   • 2003, James Patterson, Peter de Jonge, The Beach House, Warner Books, page 305:

     Then she raised both hands above her shoulders and flipped him the bird with each one.

10. A yardbird.
11. (slang, US) A kilogram of cocaine.

    Synonyms: chicken, brick

    • 2015 January 12, Lil Wayne, “Sh!t” (track 2), in Sorry 4 the Wait 2‎:

      Never dirt on my knees
      I'm just serving these fiends
      Sell birds to the bees
      I sell birds to the trees

12. (slang, Canada, Philippines) A penis.
    • 2004 May 9, Mike Clattenburg, Mike Smith (actor), 05:29 from the start, in Trailer Park Boys(Conky), season 4, episode 5 (TV series), spoken by Bubbles (Mike Smith):

      BUBBLES: One time I was making a model and I glued the wing to a B17 bomber to my bird by accident.

13. (informal) Snowbird (retiree who moves to a warmer climate).

上位語

• (member of class Aves): amniote, sauropsid

下位語

• See also Thesaurus:bird

派生語

派生した語

• → Esperanto: birdo

参考

• birb
• burd
• chirp
• ornithic
• ornithology
• squawk
• tweet
• Appendix: Animals
• Appendix:Gestures/middle finger

動詞

bird (third-person singular simple present birds, present participle birding, simple past and past participle birded)

1. (intransitive) To observe or identify wild birds in their natural environment.
2. (intransitive) To catch or shoot birds; to hunt birds.
3. (intransitive, figuratively) To seek for game or plunder; to thieve.
   • 1610 (first performance), Ben[jamin] Jonson, The Alchemist, London: […] Thomas Snodham, for Walter Burre, and are to be sold by Iohn Stepneth, […], published 1612, →OCLC, (please specify the Internet Archive page), (please specify the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):

     MAMMON: These day-owls.
     SURLY: That are birding in men's purses

4. (transitive, television) To transmit via satellite.
   • 1995, David D. Pearce, Wary Partners: Diplomats and the Media, page 43:

     Unless the TV crew has its own flyaway, the locals can still defeat a story they couldn't prevent reporters from covering by cutting it off at the pass, when it is being birded through their facilities.

   • 2012, Yoel Cohen, Media Diplomacy, page 127:

     After being sent by fast car to Tel Aviv the cassettes would be 'birded' by satellite to the USA and London.

形容詞

bird (comparative (rare) birdier, superlative (rare) birdiest)

1. (Canada, colloquial, of a school or university course) Able to be passed with very little work; having the nature of a bird course.
   • 2020 October 16, illegalsalt, “Thoughts on these bird courses”, in Reddit‎, r/UTM:

     SOC100 isn’t bird at all lol. But ANT101 is super easy & the prof (Dr. Sherry Fukuzawa) is amazing.

   • 2022 June 17, ConradIsMyDaddy, “How to Graduate from the University of Waterloo's Computer Science Program with the Least Amount of Effort”, in Reddit‎, r/uwaterloo:

     but admittedly, all the hours spent creating excel sheets optimizing my course plan, all the research finding the absolutely best professors, all the smart friends i made, all the alumni i contacted to collect crowdmarks of past exams, all the research i did finding the birdiest courses of all...... all of it was wayyyyyy more fun to me than just sitting down and studying like a normal kid. it was kind of just like playing a video game.

語源 2

Originally Cockney rhyming slang, shortened from bird-lime for "time".

名詞

bird (uncountable)

1. (slang) A prison sentence.

   He’s doing bird.

   • 2012, Theodore Dalrymple, If Symptoms Persist:

     Well, I’ll do my bird - I can ‘andle it, bird’s never been no trouble for me - and then I’ll get you.

同意語

• (prison sentence): porridge, stretch, time

動詞

bird (third-person singular simple present birds, present participle birding, simple past and past participle birded)

1. (transitive, slang) To bring into prison, to roof.
   • 2017, “No Hook”, ZK & Digga D (lyrics), CDM (music):

     Free Criminal, he got birded
     That's a L but I know he’ll firm it
     I was vexed when I heard that verdict

派生語

• bird off

参照

• Douglas Harper (2001–2026), “bird”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
• bird on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Category:Aves on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
• Aves on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
• “bird”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

アナグラム

• drib