back-upとは 意味・読み方・使い方

動詞

back up (third-person singular simple present backs up, present participle backing up, simple past and past participle backed up)

1. (idiomatic, intransitive) To move backwards, especially for a vehicle to do so.

   Coordinate terms: back away, back off, stand back

   That beeping sound indicates that the truck is backing up.

   • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter V, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

     We expressed our readiness, and in ten minutes were in the station wagon, rolling rapidly down the long drive, for it was then after nine. […] As we reached the lodge we heard the whistle, and we backed up against one side of the platform as the train pulled up at the other.

2. (idiomatic, transitive) To move a vehicle backwards.

   Synonym: reverse

   Hyponym: back out

   Back up the car a little, you're blocking the driveway.

3. (idiomatic, intransitive) To undo one's actions.

   Synonym: back out

   I couldn't see how to finish the project, so I backed up and tried it another way.

4. (idiomatic, intransitive) To reconsider one's thoughts.

   This isn't working. Let's back up and think about it.

5. (idiomatic, computing, transitive) To copy (data) so that it can be restored if the main copy is lost.

   Back up your documents folder before applying the update.

6. (idiomatic, transitive) To provide support or the promise of support to.

   Synonyms: back, support

   You should be careful. This guy is backed up by the local gang.

   When he said I wasn't there, I told him I was, and my buddy backed me up.

   • 2017, BioWare, Mass Effect: Andromeda (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC, scene: Update on Jaal:

     Thank you for backing me up. I know it's not easy delivering bad news-especially to a friend-but sometimes it's the only way we can move forward and begin to heal.

   • 2020 May 6, Tim Dunn, “The Architecture The Railways Built”, in Rail, page 76:

     Researching and corroborating facts to put in my script is one thing, but getting sources to back up the assertions of interviewed contributors can be quite another.

   • 2024 May 14, Clay Drinko, “Lower Your Expectations”, in Psychology Today‎:

     It turns out, there’s research that backs up the usefulness of lowering our expectations. Participants in one study had to make decisions that either led to financial gains or losses, all while inside a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machine. Researchers then duplicated this experiment as an app to crowdsource more data.

7. (idiomatic, intransitive, cricket) For the non-striker to take a few steps down the pitch, in preparation to taking a run, just as the bowler bowls the ball.
8. (idiomatic, intransitive, cricket) For a fielder to position himself behind the wicket (relative to a team-mate who is throwing the ball at the wicket) so as to stop the ball, and prevent overthrows.
9. (idiomatic, intransitive, of a blockage) To halt the flow or movement of something.

   Synonym: plug up

   When I flushed the toilet, the plumbing backed up and burst.

10. (idiomatic, intransitive, informal) To fill up because of a backlog.

    Synonym: fall behind

    • 1995, "Oubliette" (episode of The X-Files TV series)

      WAITRESS: Hurry up with those drinks, Lucy. We're backing up. (Grabs the drinks LUCY has poured.) What are you doing? These are regular. They all ordered large.

11. (obsolete, printing) To run a printing press in reverse.

派生語

参考

• back down
• back into
• back off
• back out

アナグラム

• upback

語源

Deverbal from back up.

発音

• IPA: /ˈbækˌʌp/

名詞

backup (plural backups)

1. A reserve or substitute.

   If the goalkeeper is injured, we have a backup.

2. (computing) A copy of a file or record, stored separately from the original, that can be used to recover the original if it is damaged or destroyed.

   After the power failure, we had to restore the database from backup.

3. An accumulation of material caused by a (partial) obstruction or (complete) blockage of the flow or movement of the material, or an accumulation of material that causes an overflow due to the flow being greater than the maximum possible flow.

   The accident caused a mile-long backup on the highway.

   The blockage caused a backup in the plumbing.

4. (law enforcement) Reinforcements.

   He's got a gun! You'd better send for backup.

   • 2010, BioWare, Mass Effect 2 (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC, scene: Tuchanka:

     Shaman: My patience is tested, but Uvenk invokes correctly. Grunt, who is your krantt? Your allies willing to kill and die on your behalf?
     Shepard: How is a candidate tested if he brings backup on his Rite of Passage?
     Shaman: Not every krogan can be the strongest warrior, but each must inspire his peers to battle at his side.
     Shaman: If the ones who know you best can find nothing worthy in you, you should wander the wastes and die alone before you weaken my clan.

5. Any support or extra help.

   Coordinate term: backstop

   • 2025, Man Attacked by Vicious Pit Bull After Gate Left Open!‎:

     This guy, he grabs the dog by the ears, stares it down like a cowboy in a showdown. The man regains control again. He scans the area, hoping for backup. Nothing. No neighbours, no dog whisperers, no animal control.

6. (music) Accompaniment.
   • 1984 April 21, Pam Gordon, “'There's Always Cost': Ferron's Boston Concert”, in Gay Community News, page 17:

     Debbie Ahn, on piano, provided some mesmerizing back-up and many fiery, on-target solos.

7. Corroboration.
   • 1982 December 4, Ilana Weinstock, “Letters From My Aunt”, in Gay Community News, volume 10, number 20, page 4:

     Pg. 206 on Yudit's comments on the feminists of Tel Aviv, "... and now they are translating Our Bodies Ourselves into Hebrew, leaving out the section on gays" was misinformed, a statement made without authoratative backup in 1979 about a book first published in 1982.

同意語

• (reserve): reserve, stand-in, spare, substitute
• (computing: copy of a file or record):
• (accumulation of material caused by an obstruction of flow): tailback, line (of cars)

派生語

派生した語

形容詞

backup (not comparable)

1. Standby, reserve or extra.

   I am only a backup player.

2. (computing) That is intended as a backup.

   Make a backup copy of that file.

3. Supporting, reinforcing; (music) of or related to accompaniment

使用する際の注意点

• Back-up is an alternative form of backup. Both forms are used as either a noun or an adjective. The verb back up is always written as two words and never with a hyphen.

同意語

• (reserve): extra, reserve, spare, standby
• (supporting): backing

派生語

動詞

backup (third-person singular simple present backups, present participle backupping, simple past and past participle backupped)

1. (computing, nonstandard) Alternative form of back up.
   • 1989, CERN, page 235:

     We have two methods for backupping: the first one is writing the contents of disks onto magnetic tapes and the other is making a copy of the contents of disks on the disk of the mainframe computers of the laboratory.

アナグラム

• upback