areとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From 中期英語 aren, from 古期英語 earun, earon (“are”), reinforced by Old Norse plural forms in er- (displacing alternative 古期英語 sind and bēoþ), from Proto-Germanic *arun (“(they) are”), from Proto-Germanic *esi/*izi (a form of Proto-Germanic *wesaną (“to be”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti (“is”).

Cognate with Old Norse eru (“(they) are”) (> Icelandic eru (“(they) are”), Swedish äro (“(they) are”), Danish er (“(they) are”)), 古期英語 eart (“(thou) art”). More at art.

別の表記

• aren, arn (obsolete or dialectal)
• ar (obsolete)

発音

• (Received Pronunciation)
  • (weak form) IPA: /ə(ɹ)/
  • (strong form) IPA: /ɑː(ɹ)/, enPR: ä(r)
• (General American)
  • (weak form) IPA: /ɚ/
  • (strong form) IPA: /ɑɹ/, enPR: är
• (General Australian, New Zealand)
  • (weak form) IPA: /ə(ɹ)/
  • (strong form) IPA: /ɐː/, enPR: är
• (Northern England, Wales)
  • (strong form) IPA: /aː(ɹ)/, enPR: är
• (Canada)
  • (weak form) IPA: /ɚ/
  • (strong form) IPA: /äɹ/, /ɑɹ/, /ɐɹ/
• (Ireland)
  • (weak form) IPA: /ɚ/
  • (strong form) IPA: /aɹ/, /äːɹ/, /ɑɹ/
• (Scotland)
  • (strong form) IPA: /äɹ/, /äɾ/
• (now dialectal)
  • (strong form) IPA: /ɛə(ɹ)/, /ɛː(ɹ)/
• (proscribed, rare, due to confusion with "our")
  • (strong form) IPA: /aʊɚ/, /aʊə/
• 異形同音異義語: argh, r, our
• 韻: -ɑː(ɹ)

動詞

are

1. second-person singular simple present of be

   Mary, where are you going?

2. first-person plural simple present of be

   We are not coming.

   • 2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)‎:

     Here we are!

3. second-person plural simple present of be

   Mary and John, are you listening?

4. third-person plural simple present of be

   They are here somewhere.

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 John 4:1:

     BEloued, beleeue not euery ſpirit, but trie the ſpirits, whether they are of God: becauſe many falſe prophets are gone out into the woꝛld.

5. (East Yorkshire, Midlands) present of be

使用する際の注意点

• The pronunciation /aʊɚ/ arising from confusion of "are" and "our" is rare; however, it occasionally occurs due to the fact that the latter can be elided into /ɑɹ/ in quick speech.

同意語

• (second-person singular): (archaic) art (used with thou)

参考

語源 2

From French are.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ɛə/, /ɛː/
• (General American) enPR: âr, IPA: /ɛəɹ/, /ɛɹ/
• 韻: -ɛə(ɹ)
• 異形同音異義語: air, Ayr, ere, eyre, heir, err (one pronunciation); e'er

名詞

are (plural ares)

1. (rare) An accepted (but deprecated and rarely used) metric unit of area equal to 100 square metres, or a former unit of approximately the same extent. Symbol: a.

使用する際の注意点

• Are is now rarely used except in its derivative hectare.

同意語

• (SI unit): (rare) square decametre

派生語

Further reading

Are on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

語源 3

From the phonetic similarity between our and are in many English dialects (both /ɑː(ɹ)/).

発音

• (英国発音) IPA: /ɑː(ɹ)/
• 韻: -ɑː(ɹ)

限定詞

are

1. (UK, US) Misspelling of our.

使用する際の注意点

• Sometimes used deliberately as a form of classist humour, particularly in the UK, as a mocking imitation of a person with little education.

参照

アナグラム

• 'ear, ear, Rea, rea, EAR, REA, aer-, ReA, aër-, Aer, ERA, era, Rae

語源 1

名詞

āre f

1. honor, glory, grace

語形変化

Weak n-stem:

語源 2

名詞

āre

1. dative singular of ār (“messenger, herald; angel; missionary”)

語源 3

名詞

āre

1. inflection of ār (“mercy”):
   1. nominative plural
   2. accusative singular/plural
   3. genitive/dative singular

冠詞

are

1. genitive/dative feminine of an

語源 2

限定詞

are

1. (chiefly Kent and West Midland) alternative form of here (“their”)

語源 3

名詞

are

1. alternative form of hare (“hare”)

語源 4

名詞

are

1. (Northern or Early Middle English) alternative form of ore (“honour”)

語源 5

名詞

are

1. (Northern) alternative form of ore (“oar”)

語源 6

動詞

are

1. alternative form of aren

参照

• “are”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press