adsumとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From ad- (“to”) +‎ sum (“to be”).

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈas.sũː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈad̪.sum]

動詞

adsum (present infinitive adesse, perfect active adfuī, future active participle adfutūrus); irregular conjugation, suppletive, no passive, no supine stem except in the future active participle, no gerund

1. (with dative) to be here, there, near, present, at hand

   Synonym: stō

   Antonyms: dēsum, absum

   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.384–386:

     “[...] Sequar ātrīs ignibus absēns, / et, cum frīgida mors animā sēdūxerit artūs, / omnibus umbra locīs aderō. [...]”

     “[Although you will be] gone, I’ll pursue [you] with smoking torches, and, when cold death has severed my limbs from life, in all places my shade shall be present.”
     (Avenging Furies or Erinyes carry torches: Dido — invoking poetic contrasts between hot/cold, death/life, absence/presence — will haunt Aeneas everywhere.)

2. (with dative) to arrive

   Synonyms: perveniō, adveniō, ēvādō, obeō, teneō, tangō, prehendō

3. (with dative) to attend
4. (with dative) to be present with aid or support; to stand by, assist, favor, help, sustain

   Synonyms: adiūtō, iuvō, adiuvō, foveō, assistō, succurrō, sublevō, prōficiō, prōsum

   Antonym: officiō

   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.125:

     “[...] Aderō, et, tua sī mihi certa voluntās, [...].”

     “I [Juno, Queen of Marriage,] will be present, and [Venus], if your favor [is] assured me, [...].”
     (See: pronuba.)

   • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 6.652:

     nunc ades ō coeptīs, flāva Minervā, meīs.

     Now be favorably present, oh golden[-haired] Minerva, to [these] undertakings of mine.
     (The imperative active present tense second person singular “ades” summons the muse of poetry, Minerva. Here, the meaning includes both divine “presence” and “assistance”.)

5. to protect, defend

   Synonyms: prōtegō, dēfendō, custōdiō, vindicō, arceō, tūtor, prohibeō, mūniō, servō, tueor, sustineō, tegō

   Antonyms: obiectō, immineō, īnstō

Conjugation

Old Latin or in poetry.
Old Latin.

参照

• “adsum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “adsum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “adsum”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to be there at a given time: ad tempus adesse
    
  • to assist, stand by a person: adesse alicui or alicuius rebus (opp. deesse)
    
  • (1) to be attentive; (2) to keep one's presence of mind: animo adesse
    
  • to be quite unconcerned: animo adesse (Sull. 11. 33)
    
  • to be present at divine service (of the people): sacris adesse
    
  • to take no part in politics: rei publicae deesse (opp. adesse)
    
  • to issue a proclamation calling on the senators to assemble in full force: edicere, ut senatus frequens adsit (Fam. 11. 6. 2)
    
  • to appear in court: in iudicium venire, in iudicio adesse