abstainとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /əbˈsteɪn/
• (米国発音) IPA: /əbˈsteɪn/, /æbˈsteɪn/
• 韻: -eɪn

動詞

abstain (third-person singular simple present abstains, present participle abstaining, simple past and past participle abstained)

1. (transitive, reflexive, obsolete) Keep or withhold oneself. [Attested from around 1350 to 1470 until the mid 16 century.]
2. (intransitive) Refrain from (something or doing something); keep from doing, especially an indulgence. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]

   In order to improve his health, Rob decided to abstain from smoking.

   • 1597, Shakespeare, Richard II, II-i:

     Who abstains from meat that is not gaunt?

   • 22 May 1948, United Nations, Security Council Resolution 49

     The Security Council […] calls upon all Governments and authorities, without prejudice to the rights, claims or positions of the parties concerned, to abstain from any hostile military action in Palestine and to that end to issue a cease-fire order to their military and paramilitary forces

   1. To refrain from drinking alcohol.
      • 1913, Marie Adelaide Belloc Lowndes, The Lodger:

        … she had made Bunting abstain very early in their acquaintance. … Glad she was now that he had taken the pledge as a younger man; but for that nothing would have kept him from the drink during the bad times they had gone through.

3. (intransitive, obsolete) Fast (not eat for a period). [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]
4. (intransitive) Deliberately refrain from casting one's vote at a meeting where one is present. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]

   I abstain from this vote, as I have no particular preference.

   • 1913, Thomas Babington Macaulay, A Short History of English Liberalism:

     […] forcing a small portion of the population to abstain from voting

5. (transitive, obsolete) Hinder; keep back; withhold. [Attested from the early 16 century until the mid 17 century.]
   • 1645, John Milton, Tetrachordon: Expositions on the four chief places in Scripture:

     Whether he abstain men from marying [sic].

使用する際の注意点

• (keep or withhold oneself): Followed by the word from or of.
• (refrain from something): Followed by the word from.

Conjugation

同意語

• abjure
• deny oneself
• forbear
• forgo
• give up
• refrain
• relinquish
• withhold

派生語

関連する語

• abstemious
• abstinence
• abstinent

参照

アナグラム

• Bastian, banitsa, Bastani