absolveとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (英国発音) IPA: /əbˈzɒlv/
• (米国発音) IPA: /æbˈzɑlv/, /-ˈsɑlv/, /əbˈ-/, /-ˈsɔlv/, /-ˈzɔlv/
• 韻: -ɒlv

動詞

absolve (third-person singular simple present absolves, present participle absolving, simple past and past participle absolved)

1. (transitive) To set free, release or discharge (from obligations, debts, responsibility etc.). [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]

   Synonyms: excuse, exempt, free, release; see also Thesaurus:liberate

   You will absolve a subject from his allegiance.

   • 1841, Ralph Waldo Emerson, “Self-Reliance”, in Essays: First Series:

     Nothing is at last sacred but the integrity of your own mind. Absolve you to yourself, and you shall have the suffrage of the world.

   • 1851, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter XIV, in The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume III, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC, page 410:

     The Committee divided, and Halifax was absolved by a majority of fourteen.

2. (transitive, obsolete) To resolve; to explain; to solve. [Attested from the late 15 century until the mid 17 century.]

   Synonyms: decipher, elucidate, work out; see also Thesaurus:explain, Thesaurus:solve

   • 1595, George Peele, The Old Wives’ Tale, The Malone Society Reprints, 1908, lines 331-332,

     […] he that can monsters tame, laboures atchive, riddles absolve […]

   • 1650, Thomas Browne, “Of the blackneſſe of Negroes”, in Pseudodoxia Epidemica: […], 2nd edition, London: […] A[braham] Miller, for Edw[ard] Dod and Nath[aniel] Ekins, […], →OCLC, 6th book, page 276:

     we ſhall not abſolve the doubt.

3. (transitive) To pronounce free from or give absolution for a penalty, blame, or guilt. [First attested in the mid 16 century.]

   Synonyms: acquit, exculpate, exonerate, pardon, remit, vindicate; see also Thesaurus:acquit

   • 1993, Rick Priestley, Andy Chambers, Warhammer 40,000 Rulebook, Second edition, Games Workshop, page 22:

     A Heretic may see the truth and seek redemption. He may be forgiven his past and will be absolved in death. A Traitor can never be forgiven. A Traitor will never find peace in this world or the next. There is nothing as wretched or as hated in all the world as a Traitor.

4. (transitive, law) To pronounce not guilty; to grant a pardon for. [First attested in the mid 16 century.]

   Synonyms: amnesty, forgive, remit

   • 1725, Homer, “Book XI”, in [Alexander Pope], transl., The Odyssey of Homer. […], volume III, London: […] Bernard Lintot, →OCLC, page 121, line 702:

     Abſolves the juſt, and dooms the guilty ſouls.

5. (transitive, theology) To grant a remission of sin; to give absolution to. [First attested in the mid 16 century.]
   • 1597, William Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet, act 3, scene 5:

     To make confession and to be absolved.

6. (transitive, theology) To remit a sin; to give absolution for a sin. [First attested in the late 16 century.]

   Synonym: remit

   • 1788, Edward Gibbon, chapter LXVII, in The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, volume VI, London: […] W[illiam] Strahan; and T[homas] Cadell, […], →OCLC, page 447:

     In his name I abſolve your perjury and ſanctify your arms: follow my footſteps in the paths of glory and ſalvation; and if ſtill ye have ſcruples, devolve on my head the puniſhment and the ſin.

7. (transitive, obsolete) To finish; to accomplish. [Attested from the late 16 century until the early 19 century.]

   Synonyms: complete, conclude, finalize; see also Thesaurus:end

   • 1667, John Milton, “Book VII”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 93–94:

     and the work begun, how ſoon / Abſolv'd,

8. (transitive) To pass a course or test; to gain credit for a class; to qualify academically.

使用する際の注意点

• (to set free, release from obligations): Normally followed by the word from.
• (to pronounce free from; give absolution for blame): Normally followed by the word from.

派生語

関連する語

参照